Units

Settler

0 01c7 2 01c8 0 0101

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Can Found a New City
01c6 Can rebuild free buildings in cities
01c6 Production consumes 0100

Replacements and Upgrades

City Builder
Unique Unit for The Harappans
Replaces Settler
2
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Found a New City
Can rebuild free buildings in cities
Production consumes
New cities start with additional populationPioneer (Gunpowder Units)
Unique Unit for The Americans
Replaces Settler
10, 2
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Only Defend
Can Found a New City
Can rebuild free buildings in cities
+50% Open Terrain Defense
Production consumes
New cities in North America start with a defender and a worker

History

Settlers can found new cities.

When cities grew to a size where the resources were insufficient to adequately insure a decent standard of living for the populace, adventurous groups of citizens set out on their own in search of a place to build a new city. Once a suitable site was found, the settlers would build their new homes, and develop the land surrounding the city. Eventually the whole process repeated, and the new city would send out settlers of its own. This process allowed civilizations to grow throughout history, from the empires of the ancient world to the discovery and settlement of the New World.

Worker

0 01c7 2 01c8 60 0101

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Can Improve Tiles
01c6 Production consumes 0100

Replacements and Upgrades

Labourer
2
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Improve Tiles
Constructs Improvements +50% Faster
Production consumes
Requires Collectivism

History

Workers can build Roads, Railroads, Farms, Mines, Workshops, Lumbermills, Windmills, Watermills, Plantations, Quarries, Pastures, Camps, Wells, Wineries, Cottages, Forts and Forest Preserves.

The majority of people in all civilizations throughout time have been workers. Whether engaged in farming, commerce, or industry, their actions form the economic infrastructure without which no nation can succeed. Over time, the endless activity of workers has reshaped the very surface of the land by mining hills, cutting down huge stretches of forest, and irrigating hostile terrain into fertile farmland. By the late 20th century it had become apparent that excessive deforestation and pollution from heavy industry posed a threat to the world's environment.

Labourer

0 01c7 2 01c8 60 0101

Requires

Collectivism
Obsoletes The Hagia Sophia
Obsoletes St. Basil's Cathedral
Workers Produce +50% from Chopping
Enables Central Planning
Can Train Labourer
Can Construct Grain Silo, Brooklyn Bridge
4200

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Can Improve Tiles
01c6 Constructs Improvements +50% Faster
01c6 Production consumes 0100

Replacements and Upgrades

Madeireiro
Unique Unit for The Brazilians
Replaces Labourer
2
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Improve Tiles
Constructs Improvements +50% Faster
Starts with Woodsman II
Production consumes
Create Production and Gold when Removing Jungles, Rainforest and Forests
Requires Collectivism

History

Labourers are improved Workers. They can build Roads, Railroads, Farms, Mines, Workshops, Lumbermills, Windmills, Watermills, Plantations, Quarries, Pastures, Camps, Wells, Wineries, Cottages, Forts and Forest Preserves, but at a faster rate.

The majority of people in all civilizations throughout time have been workers. Whether engaged in farming, commerce, or industry, their actions form the economic infrastructure without which no nation can succeed. Over time, the endless activity of workers has reshaped the very suface of the land by mining hills, cutting down huge stretches of forest, and irrigating hostile terrain into fertile farmland. By the late 20th century it had become apparent that excessive deforestation and pollution from heavy industry posed a threat to the world's environment.

Spy

Espionage Unit, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Politics
Obsoletes Apadana Palace
Enables Elective
Can Train Spy
Can Construct Administrative Center, Prambanan
500

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Invisible to All Units
01c6 Can Explore Rival Territory
01c6 Helps Thwart Rival Spies

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Spies are invisible to all units, can explore rival territory, help thwart rival spies and can perform espionage missions.

    Espionage or, casually, spying involves a government, company/firm or individual obtaining information considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information. Espionage is inherently clandestine, as it is taken for granted that it is unwelcome and in many cases illegal and punishable by law. It is a subset of "intelligence gathering", which otherwise may be conducted from public sources and using perfectly legal and ethical means. It is crucial to distinguish espionage from "intelligence" gathering, as the latter does not necessarily involve espionage, but often collates open-source information.
    Espionage is often part of an institutional effort by a government or commercial concern. However, the term is generally associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies primarily for military purposes. Spying involving corporations is known as industrial espionage.
    One of the most effective ways to gather data and information about the enemy (or potential enemy) is by infiltrating the enemy's ranks. This is the job of the spy (espionage agent). Spies can bring back all sorts of information concerning the size and strength of an enemy army. They can also find dissidents within the enemy's forces and influence them to defect. In times of crisis, spies can also be used to steal technology and to sabotage the enemy in various ways. Counterintelligence operatives can feed false information to enemy spies, protecting important domestic secrets, and preventing attempts at subversion. Nearly every country has very strict laws concerning espionage, and the penalty for being caught is often severe. However, the benefits that can be gained through espionage are generally great enough that most governments and many large corporations make use of it to varying degrees.

Work Boat

0 01c7 2 01c8 30 0101

Requires

Sailing
Can Work Water Tiles
Can Create Fishing Boats
Enables on Rivers
Can Train Work Boat
80

Abilities

01c6 Cannot Enter OceanOcean
+1
Cannot build cities here (until Optics), Cape (until Cartography)
01c6 Can Improve Tiles

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Work Boats can create Fishing Boats, Whaling boats, Offshore Platforms, and Marine Reserves, cannot enter the ocean until Optics and cannot pass capes until Cartography.

A work boat is a vessel designed to perform useful tasks at sea. Work boats come in a variety of forms, depending upon their particular employment - from simple fishing boats designed to deploy nets and lobster pots to small but powerful tugboats to mighty icebreakers to massive vessels capable of moving an entire oil platform.

Satellite

0 01c7 1 01c8 400 0101

Requires

Satellites
Can Train Missile Cruiser, Satellite
Can Construct Hubble Space Telescope
Can Create International Space Station, Mission to Mars
14500

Abilities

01c6 Can Join City as Research Satellite, Commercial Satellite, Military Satellite
01c6 Can join a city only if its number of satellites is less than a fifth of its total specialist slots
01c6 Invisible to Most Units
01c6 Can See Satellites
01c6 Can Explore Rival Territory
01c6 Starts with SentrySentry
+1 Visibility Range
Requires First SatelliteFirst Satellite
Team Project (1 Allowed)
First to complete causes Anarchy for everyone working on the project
Enables Satellite
Required to Create Man in Space
Requires Ballistic Missile
1200 (Double Production Speed when already completed by another civilization) (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Satellites can see other Satellite units, settle in a city as a Research Satellite, Commercial Satellite or Military Satellite specialist, can explore rival territory, are invisible to all units except Satellite units and begin with the Sentry promotion.

Artificial satellites are spacecraft that maintain an orbit around a celestial body. What differentiates an orbit from other types of space flight is it doesn't require any additional propulsion. Satellites can hold a number of different orbits. One type is a polar orbit, which causes the spacecraft to pass over the north and south poles. Another is an equatorial orbit, which causes the satellite to circle the Earth's equator. The farther the orbit from the surface of the earth, the longer it takes to complete a circuit of the earth. If the vessel uses an equatorial orbit at a distance of 22,300 miles from Earth, it can achieve geo-synchronous orbit, which causes the satellite to remain stationary over a specific area.

Slave

0 01c7 2 01c8 60 0101

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Join City as SlaveSlave
2
Can Join City as Slave
Can join a city only if its number of slaves is less than half its population
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Create Slave Mine, Create Slave Plantation
01c6 Can join a city only if its number of slaves is less than half its population
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Can Create Slave MineSlave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , , Create Slave PlantationSlave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Native Slaves build improvements including Slave Plantations and can settle in a city as a Slave specialist.

Slaves were depended workers, which were used in the ancient world. Slaves were treated like property and were mostly prisoners of war or childrens of slaves. Slaves were used mostly in civil engineering and in the mines, which was one of the most dangerous work in the ancient world.

Aztec Slave

0 01c7 2 01c8 60 0101

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Join City as SlaveSlave
2
Can Join City as Slave
Can join a city only if its number of slaves is less than half its population
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Create Slave Mine, Create Slave Plantation
01c6 Can join a city only if its number of slaves is less than half its population
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Can Create Slave MineSlave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , , Create Slave PlantationSlave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
01c6 Can build Slave PlantationSlave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism

Replacements and Upgrades

Slave
2
Can Join City as Slave
Can join a city only if its number of slaves is less than half its population
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Create Slave Mine, Create Slave Plantation

History

Aztec Slaves build improvements including Slave Plantations, can settle in a city as a Slave specialist, can hurry production in a city and can be sacrificed in cities for temporary happiness.

Slaves were depended workers, which were used in the ancient world. Slaves were treated like property and were mostly prisoners of war or childrens of slaves. Slaves were used mostly in civil engineering and in the mines, which was one of the most dangerous work in the ancient world.

Great Prophet

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Start a Golden Age
01c6 Can Discover a Technology
01c6 Can Join City as Great ProphetGreat Prophet
2
Can Start a Golden Age
Can Discover a Technology
Can Join City as Great Prophet
Can Construct Holy Site, Sanctuary, The Temple of Solomon, Church of the Anastasis, Saint Peter's Basilica, All Saints' Church, The Masjid al-Haram, Vishwanath, The Mahabodhi, San Kong, The Temple of Heaven, Adur Farnbag
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can perform a Great Mission
01c6 Can Construct Holy Site, Sanctuary, The Temple of Solomon, Church of the AnastasisChurch of the Anastasis, +5, +1 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+100% Trade Route Yield with Cities
+100% for State Religion effects
+1 from All Buildings
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Can be built by Great Prophet
Can only be Constructed in the Holy City., Saint Peter's BasilicaSaint Peter's Basilica, +5, +1 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Triggers The Apostolic Palace Global Elections
+100% Trade Route Yield with Cities
+100% for State Religion effects
+1 from All Buildings
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Can be built by Great Prophet
Can only be Constructed in the Holy City., All Saints' ChurchAll Saints' Church, +5, +1 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+100% Trade Route Yield with Cities
+100% for State Religion effects
+1 from All Buildings
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Can be built by Great Prophet
Can only be Constructed in the Holy City., The Masjid al-Haram, VishwanathVishwanath, +5, +1 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+100% Trade Route Yield with Cities
+100% for State Religion effects
+1 from All Buildings
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Can be built by Great Prophet
Can only be Constructed in the Holy City., The Mahabodhi, San KongSan Kong, +5, +1 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+100% Trade Route Yield with Cities
+100% for State Religion effects
+1 from All Buildings
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Can be built by Great Prophet
Can only be Constructed in the Holy City., The Temple of Heaven, Adur FarnbagAdur Farnbag, +5, +1 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+100% Trade Route Yield with Cities
+100% for State Religion effects
+1 from All Buildings
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Can be built by Great Prophet
Can only be Constructed in the Holy City.
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Can perform a Great Mission

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Prophets can begin golden ages, discover new technologies, settle in a city as a Great Prophet specialist and can construct All Saints' Church, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Hagia Sophia, the Masjid al-Haram, the Mahabodhi, the Kashi Vishwanath, the Kong Lin, the Dai Miao and the Adur Farnbag World Wonders and can perform a Great Mission.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Great Artist

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Start a Golden Age
01c6 Can Discover a Technology
01c6 Can Create a Great Work (+4000 0115 )
01c6 Can Join City as Great ArtistGreat Artist
2
Can Start a Golden Age
Can Discover a Technology
Can Create a Great Work (+4000)
Can Join City as Great Artist
Can Construct Museum
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
01c6 Can Construct MuseumMuseum, +4, +50%
+20% Birth Rate per Culture Level
Can be built by Great Artist
Requires Heritage
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Artists can begin golden ages, discover new technologies, settle in a city as a Great Artist specialist, can construct the Museum building, and can create a great work which generates 800 culture per game era.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Great Scientist

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Start a Golden Age
01c6 Can Discover a Technology
01c6 Can Join City as Great ScientistGreat Scientist
2
Can Start a Golden Age
Can Discover a Technology
Can Join City as Great Scientist
Can Construct Academy
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
01c6 Can Construct AcademyAcademy, +4, +50%
Can be built by Great Scientist
Requires Philosophy
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Scientists can begin golden ages, discover new technologies, settle in a city as a Great Scientist specialist and can construct the Academy building.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Great Merchant

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Start a Golden Age
01c6 Can Discover a Technology
01c6 Can Conduct a Trade Mission
01c6 Can Join City as Great MerchantGreat Merchant
2
Can Start a Golden Age
Can Discover a Technology
Can Conduct a Trade Mission
Can Join City as Great Merchant
Can Construct Stock Exchange
Can Enter Desert, Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Can Explore Rival Territory
Starts with Desert Adaptation
01c6 Can Construct Stock ExchangeStock Exchange, +4, +50%
Can be built by Great Merchant
Requires Economics
01c6 Can Enter DesertDesert
+1 adjacent to river
Movement Cost: 2
Improvements take +25% time to build
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here unless they are coastal or unless they are near fresh water, JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Can Explore Rival Territory
01c6 Starts with Desert Adaptation

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Merchants can begin golden ages, discover new technologies, settle in a city as a Great Merchant specialist, can construct the Stock Exchange building, can explore rival territory and can conduct a trade mission.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Great Engineer

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Start a Golden Age
01c6 Can Discover a Technology
01c6 Can Hurry Production
01c6 Can Join City as Great EngineerGreat Engineer
2
Can Start a Golden Age
Can Discover a Technology
Can Hurry Production
Can Join City as Great Engineer
Can Construct Manufactory
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
01c6 Can Construct ManufactoryManufactory, +4, +25%
+50% Trade Route Yield
Can be built by Great Engineer
Requires Printing
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Engineers can begin golden ages, discover new technologies, settle in a city as a Great Engineer specialist, can construct the Manufactory building and can hurry production in a city.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Great Statesman

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Start a Golden Age
01c6 Can Discover a Technology
01c6 Can Reform the Government
01c6 Can Resolve a Crisis
01c6 Can Conduct Diplomatic Missions
01c6 Can Join City as Great StatesmanGreat Statesman
2
Can Start a Golden Age
Can Discover a Technology
Can Reform the Government
Can Resolve a Crisis
Can Conduct Diplomatic Missions
Can Join City as Great Statesman
Can Construct Administrative Center
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Invisible to All Units
Can Explore Rival Territory
Starts with Commando
01c6 Can Construct Administrative CenterAdministrative Center, +4
Reduces Maintenance in Nearby Cities
Can turn 1 Citizen into Statesman
Can be built by Great Statesman
Requires at least 8 Cities
Requires Politics
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Invisible to All Units
01c6 Can Explore Rival Territory
01c6 Starts with CommandoCommando
Can Use Enemy Roads

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Statesmen can begin golden ages, discover new technologies, reform the government, resolve a crisis, perform a diplomatic mission, explore rival territory, settle in a city as a Great Statesman specialist and can construct the Administrative Center building.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Great General

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Provide 20 Experience to Units in the Same Tile
01c6 When attached to a unit:
01c6 Free upgrades
01c6 Can Join City as Great Military Instructor
01c6 Can Construct ArmouryArmoury
+50% Military Unit Production
Can be built by Great General
Requires Commune
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Generals can settle in a city as a Great Military Instructor specialist, can construct the Armoury building and can attach itself to a unit which gives 20 experience and the Lead by Warlord promotion to the unit.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Great Spy

0 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Infiltrate another player's City (+3000 0116 )
01c6 Can Join City as Great SpyGreat Spy
2
Can Infiltrate another player's City (+3000)
Can Join City as Great Spy
Can Construct Secret Service
Can Enter Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Invisible to All Units
Can Explore Rival Territory
01c6 Can Construct Secret ServiceSecret Service, +50%
New Espionage Units Receive +3 Experience Points
Can be built by Great Spy
Requires Social Contract
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Invisible to All Units
01c6 Can Explore Rival Territory

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Great Spies can settle in a city as a Great Spy specialist, can construct the Secret Service building, is invisible to all units, can explore rival territory and can infiltrate another player's city.

Time and again through history, there have arisen men and women who have profoundly changed the world around them - artists, scientists, prophets and others whose genius sets them head and shoulders above the rest.

Religious Persecutor

0 01c7 2 01c8 60 0101

Requires

Theology
Obsoletes Tomb
Obsoletes The Temple of Artemis
Enables Theocracy
Can Train Religious Persecutor
Can Construct The Spiral Minaret, Dome of the Rock
First to Discover Founds Islam
600

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (3 Allowed)
01c6 Can remove non-state religions and associated buildings
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Religious Persecutors can remove non-state religions from a city.

A Religious Persecutor is an official who roots out heresy and apostasy from within the population, often employing the most brutal methods to do so. The Roman Catholic church has conducted a number of Inquisitions in past centuries - perhaps the most famous being the Spanish Inquisition of the fifteenth century, which targeted Muslims and Jews in Spain - but numerous other religions have engaged in similar practices throughout history.

Jewish Rabbi

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Jewish Jewish Yeshiva, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Jewish Rabbi
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread JudaismJudaism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion
Converting to this religion requires controlling its holy city
01c6 Cannot Spread JudaismJudaism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion
Converting to this religion requires controlling its holy city within a Civilization that has a Different State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Rabbis (Jewish Missionaries) can spread Judaism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Orthodox Missionary

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Orthodoxy Orthodox Monastery, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Orthodox Missionary
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread OrthodoxyOrthodoxy
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Ethics
Founder Receives a Orthodox Missionary
01c6 Can Only Spread in Historical Regions for OrthodoxyOrthodoxy
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Ethics
Founder Receives a Orthodox Missionary or if it is the Prevalent State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Missionaries (Orthodox Missionaries) can spread Orthodoxy in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Catholic Missionary

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Catholicism Catholic Monastery, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Catholic Missionary
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread CatholicismCatholicism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Doctrine
Founder Receives a Catholic Missionary
Founded when Christian civilizations control less than half of all Christian cities
Alternately founded by the first civilization to build an Orthodox Cathedral without controlling the Orthodox holy city
01c6 Can Only Spread in Historical Regions for CatholicismCatholicism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Doctrine
Founder Receives a Catholic Missionary
Founded when Christian civilizations control less than half of all Christian cities
Alternately founded by the first civilization to build an Orthodox Cathedral without controlling the Orthodox holy city or if it is the Prevalent State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Missionaries (Catholic Missionaries) can spread Catholicism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Protestant Missionary

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Christian Protestant Seminary, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Protestant Missionary
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread ProtestantismProtestantism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founding Protestantism triggers the Reformation
01c6 Can Only Spread in Historical Regions for ProtestantismProtestantism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founding Protestantism triggers the Reformation or if it is the Prevalent State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Missionaries (Protestant Missionaries) can spread Protestantism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Islamic Imam

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Islam Islamic Madrassa, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Islamic Imam
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread IslamIslam
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Theology
Founder Receives a Islamic Imam
01c6 Can Only Spread in Historical Regions for IslamIslam
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Theology
Founder Receives a Islamic Imam or if it is the Prevalent State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Imams (Islamic Missionaries) can spread Islam in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Hindu Guru

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Hinduism Hindu Ashram, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Hindu Guru
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread HinduismHinduism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Calendar
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion
01c6 Cannot Spread HinduismHinduism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Calendar
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion within a Civilization that has a Different State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Gurus (Hindu Missionaries) can spread Hinduism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Buddhist Bhikku

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Buddhism Buddhist Sangha, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Buddhist Bhikku
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread BuddhismBuddhism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Philosophy
Founder Receives Buddhist Bhikku (2)
Founded when a Hindu Temple is built
01c6 Can Only Spread in Historical Regions for BuddhismBuddhism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Philosophy
Founder Receives Buddhist Bhikku (2)
Founded when a Hindu Temple is built or if it is the Prevalent State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Bhikkus (Buddhist Missionaries) can spread Buddhism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Confucian Scholar

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Confuscianism Confucian Academy, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Confucian Scholar
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread ConfucianismConfucianism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Contract
Founder Receives a Confucian Scholar
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion
01c6 Cannot Spread ConfucianismConfucianism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Contract
Founder Receives a Confucian Scholar
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion within a Civilization that has a Different State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Scholars (Confucian Missionaries) can spread Confucianism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Taoist Daoshi

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Taoism Taoist Dongtian, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Taoist Daoshi
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread TaoismTaoism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Aesthetics
Founder Receives a Taoist Daoshi
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion
Converting to this religion requires controlling its holy city
01c6 Cannot Spread TaoismTaoism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Aesthetics
Founder Receives a Taoist Daoshi
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion
Converting to this religion requires controlling its holy city within a Civilization that has a Different State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Daoshis (Taoist Missionaries) can spread Taoism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Zoroastrian Magus

Missionary, 0 01c7 2 01c8 40 0101

Requires

Zoroaster Zoroastrian Pir, +3
+10% with State Religion
Required to Train Zoroastrian Magus
60
Obsolete with Psychology

Abilities

01c6 National Unit (5 Allowed)
01c6 Can Spread ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Priesthood
Founder Receives a Zoroastrian Magus
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion
01c6 Cannot Spread ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism
Holy City (if State ): +3
All Cities (if State ): +1
Founded by First to Discover Priesthood
Founder Receives a Zoroastrian Magus
Missionaries cannot spread in civilizations that have a different state religion within a Civilization that has a Different State Religion
01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Magi (Zoroastrian Missionaries) can spread Zoroastrianism in friendly cities (or rival cities with whom you have Open Borders).

A Missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning "act of sending" or mittere, meaning "to send". The word was used in light of its biblical usage; in the Latin translation of the Bible, Christ uses the word when sending the disciples to preach in his name. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology.

Lion

Animal, 2 01c7 1 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
01c6 +50% Semidesert Strength
01c6 +50% Savanna Strength

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Lions are Barbarian units that spawn in Africa from 3000 to 850 BC.

    The lion (Panthera leo) is one of the five big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae. With some males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia (where an endangered remnant population resides in Gir Forest National Park in India) while other types of lions have disappeared from North Africa and Southwest Asia in historic times. Until the late Pleistocene, about 10,000 years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans. They were found in most of Africa, across Eurasia from western Europe to India, and in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru. The lion is a vulnerable species, having seen a major population decline in its African range of 30-50% per two decades during the second half of the 20th century. Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are currently the greatest causes of concern. Within Africa, the West African lion population is particularly endangered.
    Lions live for 10-14 years in the wild, while in captivity they can live longer than 20 years. In the wild, males seldom live longer than 10 years, as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly reduce their longevity. They typically inhabit savanna and grassland, although they may take to bush and forest. Lions are unusually social compared to other cats. A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males. Groups of female lions typically hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates. Lions are apex and keystone predators, although they are also expert scavengers obtaining over 50 percent of their food by scavenging as opportunity allows. While lions do not typically hunt humans, some have been known to do so. Sleeping mainly during the day, lions are primarily nocturnal, although bordering on crepuscular in nature.
    Highly distinctive, the male lion is easily recognised by its mane, and its face is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture. Depictions have existed from the Upper Paleolithic period, with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves, through virtually all ancient and medieval cultures where they once occurred. It has been extensively depicted in sculptures, in paintings, on national flags, and in contemporary films and literature. Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire, and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoos over the world since the late eighteenth century. Zoos are cooperating worldwide in breeding programs for the endangered Asiatic subspecies.

Bear

Animal, 3 01c7 1 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter TundraTundra
+1 adjacent to river
Improvements take +25% time to build
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here unless they are coastal, JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
01c6 +50% Forest Strength
01c6 +50% Taiga Strength

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Bears are Barbarian units that spawn in Siberia from 3000 to 850 BC.

    Bears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although only eight species of bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on the continents of North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
    Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long snouts, shaggy hair, plantigrade paws with five nonretractile claws, and short tails. While the polar bear is mostly carnivorous, and the giant panda feeds almost entirely on bamboo, the remaining six species are omnivorous with varied diets.
    With the exception of courting individuals and mothers with their young, bears are typically solitary animals. They are generally diurnal, but may be active during the night (nocturnal) or twilight (crepuscular), particularly around humans. Bears possess an excellent sense of smell and, despite their heavy build and awkward gait, are adept runners, climbers, and swimmers. In autumn, some bear species forage large amounts of fermented fruits, which affects their behaviour. Bears use shelters, such as caves and burrows, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period (up to 100 days) of sleep similar to hibernation.
    Bears have been hunted since prehistoric times for their meat and fur. With their tremendous physical presence and charisma, they play a prominent role in the arts, mythology, and other cultural aspects of various human societies. In modern times, the bears' existence has been pressured through the encroachment on their habitats and the illegal trade of bears and bear parts, including the Asian bile bear market. The IUCN lists six bear species as vulnerable or endangered, and even least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing.

Panther

Animal, 2 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
01c6 +100% Jungle Strength
01c6 +100% Forest Strength
01c6 +100% Rainforest Strength

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Panthers are Barbarian units that spawn in Africa from 3000 to 850 BC.

    The Leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five "big cats" in the genus Panthera. It is a member of the Felidae family with a wide range in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa, West Asia, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia to Siberia.
    Compared to other members of the Felidae, the leopard has relatively short legs and a long body with a large skull. It is similar in appearance to the jaguar, but is smaller and more slightly built. Its fur is marked with rosettes similar to those of the jaguar, but the leopard's rosettes are smaller and more densely packed, and do not usually have central spots as the jaguars do. Both leopards and jaguars that are melanistic are known as black panthers.
    The species' success in the wild is in part due to its opportunistic hunting behavior, its adaptability to habitats, its ability to run at speeds approaching 58 kilometres per hour (36 mph), its unequaled ability to climb trees even when carrying a heavy carcass, and its notorious ability for stealth. The leopard consumes virtually any animal that it can hunt down and catch. Its habitat ranges from rainforest to desert terrains.
    It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List because it is declining in large parts of its range due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and hunting for trade and pest control. It is regionally extinct in Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuwait, Syria, Libya and Tunisia.

Wolf

Animal, 1 01c7 2 01c8

Requires

Abilities

01c6 Can Enter TundraTundra
+1 adjacent to river
Improvements take +25% time to build
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here unless they are coastal, JungleJungle
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.25 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here , MarshMarsh
-1
Movement Cost: 2
+0.40 in nearby cities
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
Cannot build cities here
Cannot build any improvements on this feature, RainforestRainforest
-1
Movement Cost: 2
Defending units get +50% strength
Impassable for most units
01c6 Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
01c6 +50% Forest Strength
01c6 +50% Taiga Strength

Replacements and Upgrades

History

Wolves are Barbarian units that spawn in Siberia from 3000 to 850 BC.

    The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf, true wolf or western wolf is a canid native to the wilderness and remote areas of North America, Eurasia, and North Africa. It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging 43-45 kg (95-99 lb), and females 36-38.5 kg (79-85 lb). Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other Canis species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle. Its winter fur is long and bushy, and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, or brown to black also occur.
    The gray wolf is the most specialised member of the genus Canis, as demonstrated by its morphological adaptations to hunting large prey, its more gregarious nature, and its highly advanced expressive behavior. It is nonetheless closely related enough to smaller Canis species, such as the eastern wolf, coyote and golden jackal to produce fertile hybrids. It is the only species of Canis to have a range encompassing both the Old and New Worlds, and originated in Eurasia during the Pleistocene, colonizing North America on at least three separate occasions during the Rancholabrean. It is a social animal, travelling in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair, accompanied by the pair's adult offspring. The gray wolf is typically an apex predator throughout its range, with only humans and tigers posing a serious threat to it. It feeds primarily on large ungulates, though it also eats smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage.
    The gray wolf is one of the world's best known and well researched animals, with probably more books written about it than any other wildlife species. It has a long history of association with humans, having been despised and hunted in most pastoral communities due to its attacks on livestock, while conversely being respected in some agrarian and hunter-gatherer societies. It is the sole ancestor of the dog, which genetic and paleontological records indicate was first domesticated in Europe 18,800-32,100 years ago by hunter-gatherers. Although the fear of wolves is pervasive in many human societies, the majority of recorded attacks on people have been attributed to animals suffering from rabies. Non-rabid wolves have attacked and killed people, mainly children, but this is unusual, as wolves are relatively few, live away from people, and have been taught to fear humans by hunters and shepherds.
    The gray wolf was once one of the world's most widely distributed mammals, living throughout the northern hemisphere north of 15°N latitude in North America and 12°N in India. However, deliberate human persecution has reduced the species' range to about one third, due to livestock predation and fear over attacks on humans. The species is now extinct in much of Western Europe, in Mexico and much of the USA. In modern times, the gray wolf occurs mostly in wilderness and remote areas, particularly in Canada, Alaska and northern USA, Europe, and Asia from about 75°N to 12°N. Wolf population declines have been arrested since the 1970s, and have fostered recolonization and reintroduction in parts of its former range, due to legal protection, changes in land-use and rural human population shifts to cities. Competition with humans for livestock and game species, concerns over the danger posed by wolves to people, and habitat fragmentation pose a continued threat to the species. Despite these threats, because of the gray wolf's relatively widespread range and stable population, it is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN.