Resources

Deer

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Camp
+1 with Firearms
+2 from Elective +2 0100

Technology

Tanning
Can Build a Camp
Can Train Scout, Archer, Skirmisher
Can Construct Tannery
80 (Enables)

Used by

Tannery
+1 from Deer
+1 from Fur
New Recon Units Receive +2 Experience Points
Requires Tanning
40

History

These ruminant mammals are widely distributed, with representatives in all continents except Australia and Africa. Deer differ from other ruminants in that they have antlers instead of horns. The male deer are called stags, harts, bucks, or bulls, and females are called does, hinds, or cows. Young deer are often referred to as fawns or calves.
It is thought that the New World species evolved about five million years ago in the forests of North America and Siberia.

Fur

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Camp
+1 with Firearms
+2 from Elective +2 0102 Nature Reserve, -1
+1 along River
+2 with Tourism
Gives terrain a higher chance to spread +2 0102

Technology

Tanning
Can Build a Camp
Can Train Scout, Archer, Skirmisher
Can Construct Tannery
80 (Enables) Synthetics
Obsoletes Star Fort
Obsoletes Amber
Obsoletes Fur
Obsoletes Jade
Obsoletes Pearls
Can Train Tank, Battleship, Bomber
Can Construct Department Store
6500 (Obsoletes)

Used by

Tannery
+1 from Deer
+1 from Fur
New Recon Units Receive +2 Experience Points
Requires Tanning
40Saint Sophia's Cathedral, +6, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Skirmish promotion for Melee, Light Cavalry, and Heavy Cavalry units
Requires Guilds
Requires Fur
200
Obsolete with Statecraft

History

Throughout history, animal furs have been valuable commodities for trade and sale. Many different types of animals including minks, rabbits, and beavers have been captured by trappers for the purpose of obtaining their pelts for use in the making of clothing and other items. The exploration and colonization of the New World caused the fur industry to boom by making a variety of furs readily available. By the late 1800's, farms were set up specifically to raise animals for the fur industry. Starting in the 1970's, environmentalists and animal rights groups have lobbied to change public opinion concerning the harvesting and sale of furs. Despite these vocal groups, the fur industry remains profitable, if not as widespread, in the world today.

Ivory

+1 0101 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Camp
+1 with Firearms
+2 from Elective +1 0101 , +1 0102 Nature Reserve, -1
+1 along River
+2 with Tourism
Gives terrain a higher chance to spread -2 0101 , +3 0102

Technology

Tanning
Can Build a Camp
Can Train Scout, Archer, Skirmisher
Can Construct Tannery
80 (Enables) Engine
Obsoletes Torre de Belem
Obsoletes Ivory
Can Train Cruiser
Can Construct Coal Plant, Crystal Palace
Can Create Suez Canal
4200 (Obsoletes)

Used by

War Elephant (Heavy Cavalry Units)
8, 1
Can Enter Jungle, Rainforest
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
+25% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Requires Generalship
Requires Riding
Requires IvoryThe Statue of Zeus, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
No on City Conquest
Requires Paganism
Requires Literature
300 (Double Production Speed with Ivory)
Obsolete with FortificationGreat Adobe Mosque, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Can turn 2 Citizens into Priest
+1 on Desert and Semidesert
Requires Doctrine
Requires Ivory
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with MeasurementUniversity of Sankore, +8, +2 (Great Scientist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Receive additional when trading technologies
Requires Scholarship
Requires Ivory
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Scientific Method

History

Elephants are the largest living land mammals. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 225 pounds! In the wild, elephants exhibit complex social behavior and strong family bonds. Social hierarchy in calf-cow groups is based on size and age, with the largest and oldest at the top and the smallest and youngest last. Adolescent males determine their own ranking order through jousting contests using head and tusks. Elephants communicate with very low and long ranging subsonic tones.
Elephant taming began in the Indus valley around 4000 years ago. The first military application of elephants dates from around 1100 BC and is mentioned in several Sanskrit hymns. From the east, war elephants migrated to the Persian Empire where they stood against Alexander the Great at the battle of Gaugamela. Though they did not play a significant role in the battle, Alexander saw their usefulness and began incorporating them into his army. Later the use spread throughout Europe and elephants were used in such famous campaigns as the Macedonian wars and by Hannibal during the Second Punic War.

Corn

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 1 Cities

Improvements

Farm
+1 with Irrigation
+1 with Chemistry
+1 with Genetics
-1 from Republic
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Manorialism
Carries Irrigation +2 0100

Technology

Agriculture
Can Build a Farm
Can Build a Paddy Field
80 (Enables)

Used by

Grain Silo
+1 from Corn, Rice, Wheat, Millet
Requires Granary
Requires Collectivism
200Pyramid of the Sun, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+3 per Citizen
Requires Paganism
Requires Mathematics
Requires Corn
500 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Crop RotationTemple of Kukulkan, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Plantations
Requires Paganism
Requires Aesthetics
Requires Corn
450 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with ExplorationFloating Gardens, +6, +4, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Requires Paganism
Requires a River
Requires Ethics
Requires Corn
450 (Double Production Speed with Stone) Cereal

History

The term "corn" applies to any staple food grain or fruit of a plant in the grass family. It is also commonly called "maize." Maize is native to the valley of southern Mexico and cultivation of it is thought to have started from 7,500 to 12,000 years ago. Archaeological remains of the earliest maize cob, found at Guila Naquitz Cave in the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico, date back roughly 6,250 years.

Potatoes

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Farm
+1 with Irrigation
+1 with Chemistry
+1 with Genetics
-1 from Republic
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Manorialism
Carries Irrigation +2 0100

Technology

Agriculture
Can Build a Farm
Can Build a Paddy Field
80 (Enables)

Used by

Distillery, +1
+1 on improved Potatoes resources
+1 on improved Rice resources
+1 on improved Sugar resources
+1 on improved Wine resources
+1 from Potatoes, Sugar
Requires Chemistry
180Machu Picchu, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 per Peak in City Radius
Requires Paganism
Requires Law
Requires Potatoes
400 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Geology

History

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, commonly grown for its starchy tuber. Potatoes are the world's most widely grown tuber crop, and the fourth largest crop in terms of fresh produce (after rice, wheat, and maize), but this ranking is inflated due to the high water content of fresh potatoes relative to that of other crops. The potato originated in South America, somewhere in present-day Peru. Potatoes are important to the culture of the Andes, where farmers grow many different varieties that have a remarkable diversity of colors and shapes. Potatoes spread to the rest of the world after European contact with the Americas in the late 1400s and early 1500s and have since become an important field crop.

Wheat

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 1 Cities

Improvements

Farm
+1 with Irrigation
+1 with Chemistry
+1 with Genetics
-1 from Republic
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Manorialism
Carries Irrigation +2 0100

Technology

Agriculture
Can Build a Farm
Can Build a Paddy Field
80 (Enables)

Used by

Grain Silo
+1 from Corn, Rice, Wheat, Millet
Requires Granary
Requires Collectivism
200 Cereal

History

Wheat has been a staple crop for civilizations occupying temperate zones of the planet since pre-historic times. There is archeological evidence that bread wheat was cultivated in southern Turkestan as early as 6000 BC, though naturally occurring wheat was probably used for food purposes much earlier. Throughout the temperate zones, wheat has become the primary food crop. It is particularly well suited for growth in vast, open plains like those found in the central United States.

Millet

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 1 Cities

Improvements

Farm
+1 with Irrigation
+1 with Chemistry
+1 with Genetics
-1 from Republic
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Manorialism
Carries Irrigation +2 0100

Technology

Agriculture
Can Build a Farm
Can Build a Paddy Field
80 (Enables)

Used by

Grain Silo
+1 from Corn, Rice, Wheat, Millet
Requires Granary
Requires Collectivism
200 Cereal

History

    The cultivation of common millet as the earliest dry crop in East Asia has been attributed to its resistance to drought, and this has been suggested to have aided its spread. Asian varieties of millet made their way from China to the Black Sea region of Europe by 5000 BCE.

    Millet was growing wild in Greece as early as 3000 BCE, and bulk storage containers for millet have been found from the Late Bronze Age in Macedonia and northern Greece. Hesiod describes that "the beards grow round the millet, which men sow in summer." And millet is listed along with wheat in the third century BCE by Theophrastus in his "Enquiry into Plants".

    Pearl millet is one of the two major crops in the semiarid, impoverished, less fertile agriculture regions of Africa and southeast Asia. Millets are not only adapted to poor, droughty, and infertile soils, but they are also more reliable under these conditions than most other grain crops. This has, in part, made millet production popular, particularly in countries surrounding the Sahara in western Africa.

Clam

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Fishing Boats
+1 from Republic
+2 from Thalassocracy +2 0100 Ocean Fishery +3 0100

Technology

Refrigeration
+1 Extra Moves for Water Units
Allows Trade of Clam, Crab, Fish
Can Construct Abattoir, Tsukiji Fish Market
Required for the spread of Fishing Industry
3800 (Trade)

Used by

Harbor
Water Tiles: +1
+1 from Clam, Crab, Fish, Whale
Required to Build Wharf, Customs House, San Marco Basilica
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Shipbuilding
60 (Double Production Speed with Thalassocracy) Fishing

History

Clams are shelled marine or freshwater molluscs that live up to 150 years old. They can be eaten raw, steamed, boiled, baked or fried. In the shallow coral reefs of the South Pacific and Indian oceans, giant clams, traditionally called pa'ua, can grow to a weight of 440 pounds and measure as much as 1.5 meters across. These giant clams are the largest living bivalve mulluscs.
Historically, the giant clam was also known as killer clam or man-eating clam and reputed to cause deaths. Today, it is generally acknowledged that the giant clam is neither aggressive nor particularly dangerous.

Crab

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Fishing Boats
+1 from Republic
+2 from Thalassocracy +2 0100 Ocean Fishery +3 0100

Technology

Refrigeration
+1 Extra Moves for Water Units
Allows Trade of Clam, Crab, Fish
Can Construct Abattoir, Tsukiji Fish Market
Required for the spread of Fishing Industry
3800 (Trade)

Used by

Harbor
Water Tiles: +1
+1 from Clam, Crab, Fish, Whale
Required to Build Wharf, Customs House, San Marco Basilica
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Shipbuilding
60 (Double Production Speed with Thalassocracy) Fishing

History

Crabs have long been a significant provider of food to those living on the mid-Eastern coastline of the United States. Within the Chesapeake Bay, thousands of crabs are harvested every year. Other forms of crabs are also found in various places and include such species as the Alaskan king crab and the Dungeness crab.

Fish

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Fishing Boats
+1 from Republic
+2 from Thalassocracy +3 0100 Ocean Fishery +4 0100

Technology

Refrigeration
+1 Extra Moves for Water Units
Allows Trade of Clam, Crab, Fish
Can Construct Abattoir, Tsukiji Fish Market
Required for the spread of Fishing Industry
3800 (Trade)

Used by

Harbor
Water Tiles: +1
+1 from Clam, Crab, Fish, Whale
Required to Build Wharf, Customs House, San Marco Basilica
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Shipbuilding
60 (Double Production Speed with Thalassocracy) Fishing

History

Prevailing winds, ocean currents, and deep water trenches can often combine to produce conditions that are optimum for fishing. In areas such as the Pacific coast of Central and South America, offshore winds push the warm surface waters out to deeper waters. Underwater currents push cold, nutrient-rich water from deep below the surface back toward the coast. The high concentration of nutrients in this colder water, caused by decomposition of organic matter at extreme depths, creates an ideal environment for fish and other sea life. Civilizations with access to areas such as this can significantly increase their food supply by establishing a thriving fishing industry.

Pearls

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Fishing Boats
+1 from Republic
+2 from Thalassocracy +2 0102 Ocean Fishery +1 0100 , +2 0102 Marine Reserve, +1, +1 +3 0102

Technology

Synthetics
Obsoletes Star Fort
Obsoletes Amber
Obsoletes Fur
Obsoletes Jade
Obsoletes Pearls
Can Train Tank, Battleship, Bomber
Can Construct Department Store
6500 (Obsoletes)

Used by

Jeweller, +2
Can turn 1 Citizen into Artist
+1 from Amber, Gems, Jade, Pearls
Requires Aesthetics
80 (Double Production Speed with Caste System) Luxury

History

    The Pandyas of Southern India are believed to have been founded around 400 BC. They controlled the pearl fisheries along the South Indian coast, between Sri Lanka and India-Gulf of Mannar Gulf of Mannar, which produced some of the finest pearls in the known ancient world. The Gulf of Mannar is known for its pearl banks of Pinctada radiata and Pinctada fucata for at least two thousand years. Megasthenes reported about the pearl fisheries of the Pandyas, indicating that the Pandyas derived great wealth from the pearl trade.
    For thousands of years, most seawater pearls were retrieved by divers working in the Indian Ocean, in areas like the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and in the Gulf of Mannar. Starting in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), the Chinese hunted extensively for seawater pearls in the South China Sea. In the 14th-century Arabian Sea, the traveller Ibn Battuta provided the earliest known description of pearl diving by means of attaching a cord to the diver's waist. [PARGRAPH:1]When Spanish conquistadors arrived in the Western Hemisphere, they discovered that around the islands of Cubagua and Margarita, some 200 km north of the Venezuelan coast, was an extensive pearl bed (a bed of pearl oysters).
    Margarita pearls are extremely difficult to find today and are known for their unique yellowish color. The most famous Margarita necklace that any one can see today is the one that then Venezuelan President Romulo Betancourt gave to Jacqueline Kennedy when she and her husband, President John F. Kennedy paid an official visit to Venezuela.
    Before the beginning of the 20th century, pearl hunting was the most common way of harvesting pearls. Divers manually pulled oysters from ocean floors and river bottoms and checked them individually for pearls. Not all mussels and oysters produce pearls. In a haul of three tons, only three or four oysters will produce perfect pearls.

Hit Football Event

+1 01c2 , Supplies 10 Cities

Improvements

Technology

Used by

Stadium, +1
+25% with Power ()
+1 from Hit Football Event
Requires Arena
Requires Television
300Wembley, +50%, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Provides 7 Hit Football Event (), +1
Requires Radio
1000

History

Football (also known as association football or soccer) is a team sport played between two teams, of 11 players each, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world. The modern game was officiated in England following the formation of the Football Association, whose 1863 set of rules created the foundations for how the sport is played today. Football is governed internationally by the FIFA. The most prestigious international football competition is the World Cup, played every four years, which is also the most widely viewed and famous sporting event in the world, even more popular than the Summer Olympics. In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations.

Hit Singles

+1 01c2 , Supplies 10 Cities

Improvements

Technology

Used by

Broadcast Tower
+50% with Power ()
+1 per 10% Rate
Can turn 1 Citizen into Artist
+1 from Hit Singles
+1 with Nationhood
Required to Build CN Tower
Requires Radio
225Graceland, +50%, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Provides 7 Hit Singles (), +1
Requires Television
1000

History

Music is an art form that involves audible sound. The sound may be created by human voices, percussion, by hitting or strumming strings under tension, by blowing air across a reed, and so forth. It is impossible to date the origins of music, but instruments made of stone and bone have been discovered dating back more than 45,000 years. Every culture known has developed its own forms of music.
It is impossible to imagine what the earliest forms of music sounded like. It was impossible to record any kind of music until the invention of musical notation. It is believed that ancient Egypt had some form of musical notation dating to 3000 BC, while the Greeks were notating music in 200 BC. The current western style of musical notation is credited to Guido d'Arezzo around 1020 AD.

Hit Movies

+1 01c2 , Supplies 10 Cities

Improvements

Technology

Used by

Cinema, +1, +2, +25%
Can turn 1 Citizen into Artist
+1 from Hit Movies
Requires Theatre
Requires Film
200Hollywood, +50%, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Provides 7 Hit Movies (), +1
Requires Film
1000

History

    Throughout history, man has been fascinated by moving images. Before the movie, such images were created by magic lanterns, zoetropes, flip books, and the like. In the 1880s, photographic film was invented, and the new material's potential to create moving pictures was quickly seen. Within just several years motion picture cameras and projectors were created, and the "movie" - moving pictures - was born.
    Movies were silent for their first forty years, but by the late 1920s soundtracks were added and the "talkie" was born. By the mid-1950s color film was common. Excepting for improvements in picture and sound quality, movies have remained essentially the same since.
    In the early years of movies, the United States produced the majority of films, most made in Hollywood, California. Though the US remains an important producer, a number of other countries now have film industries that rival Hollywood. For instance, the Indian film industry produces more films per year than the US and sells more tickets. However, no other films can yet match Hollywood's international appeal.

Aluminum

+1 0101

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0101 , +1 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +4 0101 , +2 0102

Technology

Metallurgy
Reveals Aluminum, Rare Earths
Can Train Ironclad
Can Construct Ironworks, Bell Rock Lighthouse
Required for the spread of Steel Industry
3200 (Reveals) Electricity
Obsoletes Potala Palace
Windmill: +1
Watermill: +1
Can Construct Laboratory, Menlo Park
Diplomatic contact is maintained indefinitely
4600 (Enables)

Used by

Main Battle Tank (Armored Units)
40, 2
Can Enter Desert, Tundra, Ice
1 First Strike
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Starts with Blitz
Requires Robotics
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumJet Fighter (Air Units)
28, 1, 10 Range
Can Intercept Aircraft (100% Chance)
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Can be Based on Carriers
Requires Aerodynamics
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumStealth Bomber (Air Units)
24, 1, 12 Range
Can Evade Interception (50% Chance)
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 75%)
-50% vs. Water Units
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-24%/Turn)
Requires Superconductors
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumDrone (Air Units)
20, 1, 10 Range
Invisible to All Units
Can Explore Rival Territory
Can Evade Enemy Detection (50% Chance)
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Can be Based on Carriers
Requires Cybernetics
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumIndustrial Park, +1
+10% with Aluminum
+10% with Oil
+10% with Rubber
Can turn 2 Citizens into Engineer
+1 from Aluminum, Oil, Rubber
Requires Factory
Requires Assembly Line
300Floralis Generica, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 during Golden Ages
Requires Ecology
1600 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)The Space Elevator, +2 (Great Scientist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+100% Spaceship Production in All Cities
+1 for every Satellite constructed
+5 for every space project completed
Can build at a maximum latitude of 30 degrees
Requires Supermaterials
3000 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Strategic Defense Initiative
Team Project (1 Allowed)
Satellites can intercept Nuclear Weapons
Satellites can attack enemy Satellites
Requires Someone to Create The Manhattan Project
Requires Man in Space
1000 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Global Positioning System
Team Project (1 Allowed)
+4 experience for Air units
All units receive the Commando promotion
Requires Man in Space
1500 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)International Space Station
World Project (1 Allowed)
+2 for Satellites
Required for Anyone to Create Interstellar Probe
Requires Man in Space
2000 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)First Satellite
Team Project (1 Allowed)
First to complete causes Anarchy for everyone working on the project
Enables Satellite
Required to Create Man in Space
Requires Ballistic Missile
1200 (Double Production Speed when already completed by another civilization) (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Man in Space
Team Project (1 Allowed)
First to complete receives +4 experience for Air units
Reveals World Map
Required to Create Strategic Defense Initiative, Global Positioning System, International Space Station, Lunar Landing, Golden Record, Mission to Mars, Lunar Colony
Requires First Satellite
1200 (Double Production Speed when already completed by another civilization) (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Lunar Landing
World Project (1 Allowed)
Starts a Golden Age
Required for Anyone to Create Golden Record, Mission to Mars, Lunar Colony
Requires Man in Space
2000 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Golden Record
World Project (1 Allowed)
+3 for Satellites
Half the spaceship production modifier also increases culture output
Requires Someone to Create Lunar Landing
Requires Man in Space
2400 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Mission to Mars
Team Project (1 Allowed)
Required to Create Interstellar Probe, Mars Framing, Mars Power Source, Mars Extractor, Mars Habitat, Mars Hydroponics, Mars Laboratory, Mars Control Center
Requires Someone to Create Lunar Landing
Requires Man in Space
3000 (Builds 50% Faster when already completed by another civilization) (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Lunar Colony
World Project (1 Allowed)
+100% Spaceship Production in All Cities
+2 for Satellites
Requires Someone to Create Lunar Landing
Requires Man in Space
2400 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Interstellar Probe
World Project (1 Allowed)
Starts a Golden Age
Requires Someone to Create International Space Station
Requires Mission to Mars
5000 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Mars Framing
Team Project (5 Allowed)
1-5 Required for Space Race Victory
Requires Mission to Mars
1500 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Mars Habitat
Team Project (5 Allowed)
1-5 Required for Space Race Victory
Requires Mission to Mars
2000 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum)Mars Laboratory
Team Project (3 Allowed)
3 Required for Space Race Victory
Requires Mission to Mars
2000 (Double Production Speed with Aluminum) Automobiles TechTree_Atlas_7_2

History

A silvery-gray metal, aluminum has a staggering number of uses and applications in the modern age. Just a few benefits include the fact it never rusts, is lighter than copper (and almost as effective in electricity transmission), and is soft enough to easily mold for nearly any purpose. Though the dominant metal in the Earth's composition, aluminum wasn't discovered until 1825, thousands of years after copper and iron. The primary reason for this was the difficulty in extracting the metal from the ore (bauxite). Charles Hall, a 22-year-old American, created what was to become the most cost-effective method of separating aluminum in 1886. His process involved passing an electrical current through aluminum oxide, resulting in separate components of pure aluminum and oxygen.

Amber

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Harvest Boats
+2 from Thalassocracy +3 0102 Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +4 0102

Technology

Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables) Synthetics
Obsoletes Star Fort
Obsoletes Amber
Obsoletes Fur
Obsoletes Jade
Obsoletes Pearls
Can Train Tank, Battleship, Bomber
Can Construct Department Store
6500 (Obsoletes)

Used by

Jeweller, +2
Can turn 1 Citizen into Artist
+1 from Amber, Gems, Jade, Pearls
Requires Aesthetics
80 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)Amber Room, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Other civilization are more willing to enter into defensive pacts
Shares golden ages of defensive pact partners
Requires Geology
750 (Double Production Speed with Amber)
Obsolete with Power Projection Luxury

History

    Amber is the petrified remnant of ancient tree resins, mostly dating back to the Cretaceous period or later; before that time, evergreen trees did not exist. Amber is rare and prized for its distinctive translucent, typically yellow color, and also for the relative ease with which it can be carved and worked compared to other gem and gem-like materials. It is in effect a semi-precious stone.

    Amber is found in a variety of sources, although large deposits of this semi-precious stone are rare. Trade in amber flourished in the Baltic sea, chiefly in what is currently the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia (which still contains 90% of known amber reserves). Certain other deposits exist elsewhere in the world, such as the exotic blue amber of the Dominican Republic.

    One interesting scientific feature of amber is that, being the fossilized remnant of a sticky organic resin, it can entrap things. There were many cases in the prehistoric past of insects and plant material becoming stuck and "included" inside the resin as it petrified into amber. This has resulted in very well-preserved specimens of flies, mosquitos, and other biological remnants, trapped inside the translucent amber.

Coal

+1 0101

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0101 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +4 0101

Technology

Geology
Obsoletes Machu Picchu
Obsoletes Monolithic Church
Mine: +1
Slave Mine: +1
Quarry: +1
Reveals Coal
Can Construct Salt Cathedral, Amber Room
2200 (Reveals) Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Steamship (Naval Units)
12, 8
Cargo Space: 3
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Requires Thermodynamics
Requires CoalIronclad (Naval Units)
20, 6
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-12%/Turn)
Requires Thermodynamics
Requires Metallurgy
Requires Coal
Requires IronTorpedo Boat (Naval Units)
18, 8
Cannot Enter Ocean
1 First Strike
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
+50% Coast Attack
Requires Ballistics
Requires Thermodynamics
Requires Coal or OilCruiser (Naval Units)
28, 7
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Requires Engine
Requires Refining
Requires Coal or OilCoal Plant
Provides Power () with Coal (+2)
Requires Factory
Requires Engine
250 (Double Production Speed with Central Planning)Railway Station, +1
+1 Trade Routes
Can turn 1 Citizen into Engineer
Required to Build Chateau Frontenac
Requires Railroad
Requires Coal or Oil
250Ironworks, +2, +1 (Great Engineer)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
+50% with Coal
+50% with Iron
Can turn 3 Citizens into Engineer
Requires Forge (In 50% Of All Cities)
Requires Metallurgy
700National Park, +8, +3, +1 (Great Scientist)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
Removes access to Coal () from the city.
+1 Free Specialist per Nature Reserve, Marine Reserve
Requires Civil Rights
300 Steel BuildRailroad

History

More than 300 million years ago, plant life growing in swamps began to decompose. Layers of sand and mud covered the decomposing plants, and the decaying plants were compressed by the combined weight of water and sediment. Over time, the plant matter hardened and became coal. Coal deposits are mined all over the world, and coal was one of the major fuel sources in the world through the 1970's. In many countries, concern over the environmental effects of the burning of coal has led to a decline in its use. The smoke produced by burning coal has a high acid content, and creates an environmental condition known as "acid rain", which is harmful to plant and animal life. Despite the environmental concerns, some of the largest coal mines in the U.S. each still produce more than 450,000 metric tons annually, making coal mining a very profitable industry.

Copper

+1 0101

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0101 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +4 0101

Technology

Smelting
Reveals Copper
Can Train Spearman
120 (Reveals) Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Light Swordsman (Melee Units)
5, 1
Requires Alloys
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianAxeman (Melee Units)
National Unit (0 Allowed)
5, 1
+50% vs. Melee Units
Requires Alloys
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianHeavy Swordsman (Melee Units)
8, 1
+10% City Attack
Requires Civil Service
Requires Steel
Requires Copper or IronSpearman (Melee Units)
4, 1
+100% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Requires Smelting
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianHeavy Spearman (Melee Units)
6, 1
+100% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Requires Steel
Requires Copper or IronHorseman (Heavy Cavalry Units)
6, 2
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (20% Chance)
-25% City Strength
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Flank attack against Catapult
Requires Riding
Requires Horse
Requires Copper or IronCamel Rider (Heavy Cavalry Units)
5, 2
Can Enter Desert
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (20% Chance)
-25% City Strength
+25% Desert Strength
+25% Semidesert Strength
+25% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Flank attack against Catapult
Starts with Desert Adaptation
Requires Riding
Requires Camel
Requires Copper or IronBombard (Siege Weapons)
5, 1
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Maximum 50% damage to enemy on attack
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
Immune to collateral damage from Siege Weapons
+50% City Attack
Can Bombard City Defenses (-12%/Turn)
Requires Gunpowder
Requires Copper or IronGalleass (Naval Units)
6, 4
Cannot Enter Ocean, Cape (until Compass)
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
+50% Coast Strength
Requires Gunpowder
Requires Compass
Requires Copper or IronPrivateer (Naval Units)
10, 6
Hidden Nationality
Can Attack without Declaring War
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Starts with Sentry
Requires Exploration
Requires Gunpowder
Requires Copper or IronBuddhist Chaitya, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Buddhist Stupa (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Copper)Taoist Gong, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Taoist Guan (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Copper)The Colossus, +6, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Water Tiles: +2
Requires Paganism
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Bloomery
400 (Double Production Speed with Copper)
Obsolete with GuildsThe Statue of Liberty, +6, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 Free Specialists in All Cities
Requires Forge
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Representation
1500 (Double Production Speed with Copper)Golden Gate Bridge, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Scientist in All Cities
+1 from Engineer in All Cities
Requires Access to Coast
Requires a River
Requires Infrastructure
2000 (Builds 50% Faster with Copper) Steel TechTree_Atlas_7_2

History

Copper is a metal that has been used by humanity for over five millennia. Copper is a soft metal and in its natural state unsuited for lengthy use - copper swords and daggers become dull very quickly, for instance. It is attractive, however, and was commonly used for pendants, bracelets and other decorative artifacts. By around 3000 BC, it was discovered that melting a bit of zinc or tin with the copper produced a much harder and more useful product: bronze. Within a short period bronze weapons, armor, and tools were in widespread use, and thus the Bronze Age was born.
Interestingly, bronze is actually a tougher metal than iron. The Bronze Age was succeeded by the Iron Age not because iron was a better metal, but because tin and zinc had become scarce.

Iron

+1 0101

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0101 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +4 0101

Technology

Bloomery
Reveals Iron
Can Train Swordsman
Can Construct The Colossus
300 (Reveals) Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Light Swordsman (Melee Units)
5, 1
Requires Alloys
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianAxeman (Melee Units)
National Unit (0 Allowed)
5, 1
+50% vs. Melee Units
Requires Alloys
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianSwordsman (Melee Units)
6, 1
+10% City Attack
Requires Bloomery
Requires IronHeavy Swordsman (Melee Units)
8, 1
+10% City Attack
Requires Civil Service
Requires Steel
Requires Copper or IronSpearman (Melee Units)
4, 1
+100% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Requires Smelting
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianHeavy Spearman (Melee Units)
6, 1
+100% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Requires Steel
Requires Copper or IronPikeman (Melee Units)
8, 1
+50% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
+50% vs. Melee Units
Requires Companies
Requires IronCrossbowman (Archery Units)
6, 1
1 First Strike
+25% City Defense
+25% Hills Defense
+25% vs. Light Cavalry Units
+25% vs. Melee Units
Requires Machinery
Requires IronHorseman (Heavy Cavalry Units)
6, 2
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (20% Chance)
-25% City Strength
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Flank attack against Catapult
Requires Riding
Requires Horse
Requires Copper or IronCamel Rider (Heavy Cavalry Units)
5, 2
Can Enter Desert
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (20% Chance)
-25% City Strength
+25% Desert Strength
+25% Semidesert Strength
+25% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Flank attack against Catapult
Starts with Desert Adaptation
Requires Riding
Requires Camel
Requires Copper or IronLancer (Heavy Cavalry Units)
10, 2
Immune to First Strikes
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
-25% City Strength
Flank attack against Catapult, Trebuchet
Requires Feudalism
Requires Horse
Requires IronCuirassier (Heavy Cavalry Units)
12, 2
Immune to First Strikes
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
-25% City Strength
Requires Combined Arms
Requires Horse
Requires IronBombard (Siege Weapons)
5, 1
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Maximum 50% damage to enemy on attack
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
Immune to collateral damage from Siege Weapons
+50% City Attack
Can Bombard City Defenses (-12%/Turn)
Requires Gunpowder
Requires Copper or IronCannon (Siege Weapons)
8, 1
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Maximum 50% damage to enemy on attack
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
Immune to collateral damage from Siege Weapons
+25% City Attack
+25% Hills Defense
+25% Defense vs. Cannon
Can Bombard City Defenses (-12%/Turn)
Requires Physics
Requires IronArtillery (Siege Weapons)
12, 1
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Maximum 50% damage to enemy on attack
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
Immune to collateral damage from Siege Weapons
+25% City Attack
+25% Hills Defense
+25% Defense vs. Artillery
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Can Bombard City Defenses (-12%/Turn)
Requires Ballistics
Requires IronHowitzer (Siege Weapons)
15, 1
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Maximum 60% damage to enemy on attack
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 60%)
Immune to collateral damage from Siege Weapons
+25% City Attack
+25% Hills Defense
+25% Defense vs. Howitzer
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Can Bombard City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Requires Flight
Requires IronMobile Artillery (Siege Weapons)
20, 2
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Maximum 70% damage to enemy on attack
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 70%)
Immune to collateral damage from Siege Weapons
+25% City Attack
+25% Hills Defense
+25% Defense vs. Mobile Artillery
Can Bombard City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Requires Computers
Requires Oil
Requires IronGalleass (Naval Units)
6, 4
Cannot Enter Ocean, Cape (until Compass)
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
+50% Coast Strength
Requires Gunpowder
Requires Compass
Requires Copper or IronPrivateer (Naval Units)
10, 6
Hidden Nationality
Can Attack without Declaring War
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Starts with Sentry
Requires Exploration
Requires Gunpowder
Requires Copper or IronFrigate (Naval Units)
12, 7
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Requires Geography
Requires Gunpowder
Requires IronShip of the Line (Naval Units)
15, 7
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-8%/Turn)
Requires Measurement
Requires IronIronclad (Naval Units)
20, 6
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-12%/Turn)
Requires Thermodynamics
Requires Metallurgy
Requires Coal
Requires IronIronworks, +2, +1 (Great Engineer)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
+50% with Coal
+50% with Iron
Can turn 3 Citizens into Engineer
Requires Forge (In 50% Of All Cities)
Requires Metallurgy
700Iron Pillar, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Forge in Every City
Requires Forge
Requires Steel
500 (Double Production Speed with Iron)The Eiffel Tower, +6, +50%, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Golden Ages consume one fewer Great Person
Requires Forge
Requires Railroad
1250 (Double Production Speed with Iron) Steel Automobiles

History

When early civilizations began to use metal to construct tools and weapons, the most commonly used metal was bronze. Bronze had the advantage of being readily available and easy to work with. Unfortunately, it was too soft to hold an effective edge. In the mid-14th century BC in central Europe, iron replaced bronze as the metal of choice, and the Iron Age was begun. Since this time, iron has been a valuable commodity. Deposits of iron and iron ore found in mountains are mined and processed for use in their raw form, and in the production of steel.

Uranium

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +4 0102

Technology

Radio
Obsoletes Emerald Buddha Temple
Reveals Uranium
Can Construct Broadcast Tower, Wembley, Bletchley Park
7000 (Reveals) Fission
Can Train Nuclear Bomber
Can Construct Bomb Shelters, CERN Research Complex
Can Create The Manhattan Project
10000 (Enables)

Used by

Transport (Naval Units)
16, 10
Cargo Space: 4
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Requires Infrastructure
Requires Oil or UraniumDestroyer (Naval Units)
24, 12
Can See Submarines
Can Intercept Aircraft (30% Chance)
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
+25% vs. Torpedo Boat
+25% vs. Submarine
+25% vs. Nuclear Submarine
Defends first against Submarine, Nuclear Submarine
Requires Electronics
Requires Oil or UraniumStealth Destroyer (Naval Units)
30, 12
Invisible to Most Units
Can See Submarines
2 First Strikes
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Defends first against Submarine, Nuclear Submarine
Requires Superconductors
Requires Oil or UraniumBattleship (Naval Units)
40, 10
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 60%)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-20%/Turn)
Requires Synthetics
Requires Oil or UraniumMissile Cruiser (Naval Units)
40, 10
Cargo Space: 4 (Carries Missiles)
Can Intercept Aircraft (30% Chance)
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 60%)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-20%/Turn)
Requires Satellites
Requires Oil or UraniumNuclear Submarine (Naval Units)
30, 10
Cargo Space: 1 (Carries Scouts, Explorers, Missionaries, Spies, Great People)
Invisible to Most Units
Can Move through Impassable Terrain
Can Explore Rival Territory
Can Withdraw from Combat (75% Chance)
+50% vs. Submarine
Targets any Galleon, Steamship, Transport first in combat outside cities
Requires Nuclear Power
Requires UraniumCarrier (Naval Units)
18, 9
Cargo Space: 3 (Carries Fighters)
Requires Power Projection
Requires Flight
Requires Oil or UraniumNuclear Bomber (Air Units)
1, 8 Range
Can Nuke Enemy Lands
Requires The Manhattan Project
Requires Fission
Requires Aviation
Requires UraniumICBM
1
Can Nuke Enemy Lands
Requires Ballistic Missile
Requires The Manhattan Project
Requires Nuclear Plant
Requires Nuclear Power
Requires UraniumNuclear Plant
Can turn 1 Citizen into Scientist
Required to Train ICBM
Provides clean Power () with Uranium
Required to Build ITER
Requires Factory
Requires Nuclear Power
400Diagnostics Center
+2 from Uranium, Rare Earths
Requires Hospital
Requires Laser
400The Manhattan Project
World Project (1 Allowed)
Enables Nuclear Attacks (For all Players)
Enables Bomb Shelter (For all Players)
First to complete receives a free Nuclear Bomber
Required for Anyone to Create Strategic Defense Initiative
2000 (Double Production Speed with Uranium)

History

One of the most valuable metals in the world, uranium's use has dramatically changed since its discovery in 1789. Originally used in the production of steel alloys, uranium improved the strength and elasticity of steel without making it brittle. Since 1939, however, it has rarely been used for anything besides atomic energy. This heavy, white metal's greatest contribution to civilization lies in the process of nuclear fission. Radioactive manipulation of uranium atoms can eject neutrons, which travel at speeds up to 12,000 miles per second. If such a neutron impacts the nucleus of a neighboring atom, the target atom can fragment. Not only is the resulting energy released immense, but the shattered atom can also potentially collide with additional atoms. This chain reaction is the phenomenon underlying all nuclear fission applications, including nuclear weapons and power.

Gems

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +1 0101 , +5 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +2 0101 , +6 0102

Technology

Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Jeweller, +2
Can turn 1 Citizen into Artist
+1 from Amber, Gems, Jade, Pearls
Requires Aesthetics
80 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)Gur-e-Amir, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
City receives additional based on the plundered from captured cities
Requires Compass
Requires Gems
400
Obsolete with Sociology Luxury

History

Gemstones, treasured throughout time for their beauty and value, have always been a sought-after commodity. Most gemstones, such as diamonds, are mined in various areas throughout the world, most notably Africa. Some of the most notable gem deposits, however, have been found in archeological digs. The ruins of ancient civilizations in the jungles of Central and South America have sometimes been found to hide large quantities of precious and semi-precious gems, as well as gold and other items of value. The discovery of such a site can lead to an increase in trade in the areas surrounding the dig, as both professional and amateur treasure hunters swarm to the region to seek their fortune.

Gold

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +1 0101 , +6 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +2 0101 , +7 0102

Technology

Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Forge, +1, +25%
Can turn 1 Citizen into Engineer
+1 from Gold, Silver
Required to Build Ironworks, Iron Pillar, The Statue of Liberty, The Eiffel Tower
Requires Steel
120Protestant Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Protestant Cathedral (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Gold)
Obsolete with TelevisionCatholic Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Catholic Cathedral (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Gold)
Obsolete with TelevisionOrthodox Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Orthodox Cathedral (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Gold)
Obsolete with TelevisionIslamic Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Islamic Grand Mosque (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Gold)
Obsolete with TelevisionHindu Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Hindu Kshetra (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Gold)
Obsolete with TelevisionBuddhist Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Buddhist Chaitya (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Gold)
Obsolete with TelevisionShwedagon Paya, +8, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Birth Rate is increased by Current Rate
Requires Ethics
500 (Double Production Speed with Gold)Harmandir Sahib, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
All units built in cities with state religion receive +2 experience
Requires Combined Arms
800 (Double Production Speed with Gold)Emerald Buddha Temple, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
No in this City
Requires Urban Planning
800 (Double Production Speed with Gold)
Obsolete with Radio Luxury

History

Gold has always been one of the most highly valued metals in the world. It is used in the manufacture of everything from jewelry to electronics, and has been established as the basis for monetary systems world wide. The factor that makes gold valuable is its rarity. Although gold can be found in many different areas, the most valuable deposits are large veins of gold ore running through mountains. When a large deposit is found, mining the deposit greatly boosts the economy in settlements and cities near the mine. An historical example of this phenomenon are the many towns that grew and prospered over a relatively short time during the California gold rush in America during the 1800's.

Obsidian

+1 0101

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +2 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0102

Technology

Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Light Swordsman (Melee Units)
5, 1
Requires Alloys
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianAxeman (Melee Units)
National Unit (0 Allowed)
5, 1
+50% vs. Melee Units
Requires Alloys
Requires Copper or Iron or ObsidianSpearman (Melee Units)
4, 1
+100% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Requires Smelting
Requires Copper or Iron or Obsidian

History

    Obsidian is a naturally occurring glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. It is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools without crystal growth. Obsidian is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows, where the chemical composition (high silica content) induces a high viscosity and polymerisation degree of the lava. The inhibition of atomic diffusion through this highly viscous and polymerized lava explains the lack of crystal growth. Because of the lack of crystal structure, obsidian blade edges can reach almost molecular thinness, leading to its ancient use as projectile points, and its modern use as surgical scalpel blades.

    Obsidian is mineral-like, but not a true mineral because as a glass it is not crystalline; in addition, its composition is too complex to comprise a single mineral. It is sometimes classified as a mineraloid. Though obsidian is dark in color similar to mafic rocks such as basalt, obsidian's composition is extremely felsic.

    Pure obsidian is usually dark in appearance, though the color varies depending on the presence of impurities. Iron and magnesium typically give the obsidian a dark green to brown to black color. A very few samples are nearly colorless. In some stones, the inclusion of small, white, radially clustered crystals of cristobalite in the black glass produce a blotchy or snowflake pattern (snowflake obsidian). It may contain patterns of gas bubbles remaining from the lava flow, aligned along layers created as the molten rock was flowing before being cooled. These bubbles can produce interesting effects such as a golden sheen (sheen obsidian) or a rainbow sheen (rainbow obsidian).

    Obsidian was valued in Stone Age cultures because, like flint, it could be fractured to produce sharp blades or arrowheads. Like all glass and some other types of naturally occurring rocks, obsidian breaks with a characteristic conchoidal fracture. It was also polished to create early mirrors. Pre-Columbian Mesoamericans' use of obsidian was extensive and sophisticated, including carved and worked obsidian for tools and decorative objects. Mesoamericans also made a type of sword with obsidian blades mounted in a wooden body. Called a macuahuitl, the weapon was capable of inflicting terrible injuries, combining the sharp cutting edge of an obsidian blade with the ragged cut of a serrated weapon. Lithic analysis can be instrumental in understanding prehispanic groups in Mesoamerica. A careful analysis of obsidian in a culture or place can be of use to reconstruct commerce, production, distribution and thereby understand economic, social and political aspects of a civilization. This is the case in YaxchilÃ¡n, a maya city where even warfare implications have been studied linked with obsidian use and its debris.

    Obsidian is used in cardiac surgery, as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge many times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels, with the edge of the blade being only about 3 nanometres wide. Even the sharpest metal knife has a jagged, irregular blade when viewed under a strong enough microscope. When examined under an electron microscope an obsidian blade is still smooth and even. One study found that obsidian produced narrower scars, fewer inflammatory cells, and less granulation tissue in a group of rats.

    Obsidian is also used for ornamental purposes and as a gemstone. It possesses the property of presenting a different appearance according to the manner in which it is cut. When cut in one direction it is a beautiful jet black; when cut across another direction it is glistening gray. "Apache tears" are small rounded obsidian nuggets embedded within a grayish-white perlite matrix.

Rare Earths

+1 0102

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +3 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +4 0102

Technology

Metallurgy
Reveals Aluminum, Rare Earths
Can Train Ironclad
Can Construct Ironworks, Bell Rock Lighthouse
Required for the spread of Steel Industry
3200 (Reveals) Electronics
Obsoletes Itsukushima Shrine
+1 Railroad Movement
Can Create Offshore Platform
Can Train Destroyer
Can Construct Hydro Plant, Itaipu Dam
9000 (Enables)

Used by

Diagnostics Center
+2 from Uranium, Rare Earths
Requires Hospital
Requires Laser
400Supercomputer
+25% with Power ()
Can turn 1 Citizen into Scientist
Requires Laboratory
Requires Computers
Requires Rare Earths
600Solar Plant
Provides clean Power ()
Requires Factory
Can build at a maximum latitude of 40 degrees
Requires Renewable Energy
Requires Rare Earths
300Fiber Network
+10% with Power ()
Requires Electrical Grid
Requires Superconductors
Requires Rare Earths
750Automated Factory, +1
+25% with Power ()
Can turn 1 Citizen into Engineer
Requires Factory
Requires Cybernetics
Requires Rare Earths
750Skytree, +2, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Scientist in All Cities
+1 from Engineer in All Cities
Requires Superconductors
2500 (Double Production Speed with Rare Earths)Oriental Pearl Tower, +2, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 per city population
Requires Telecommunications
2500 (Double Production Speed with Rare Earths)Large Hadron Collider, +100%, +2 (Great Scientist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Requires Laboratory
Requires Superconductors
3000 (Double Production Speed with Rare Earths)ITER, +2 (Great Scientist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Provides clean Power () for All Cities on this Continent
+1 for every 20 power consumed in the world
Requires Nuclear Plant
Requires Fusion
4000 (Builds 50% Faster with Rare Earths)The Internet
Team Project (1 Allowed)
+1 per Specialist
Required for Anyone to Create Great Firewall
2000 (Double Production Speed with Rare Earths)Great Firewall
Team Project (1 Allowed)
+200% Counterespionage against all Civilizations
+1 per 20% rate
Requires Someone to Create The Internet
4000 (Double Production Speed with Rare Earths)Mars Hydroponics
Team Project (3 Allowed)
1-3 Required for Space Race Victory
Requires Mission to Mars
2000 (Double Production Speed with Rare Earths)Mars Control Center
Team Project (1 Allowed)
1 Required for Space Race Victory
Requires Mission to Mars
4000 (Double Production Speed with Rare Earths) TechTree_Atlas_7_2

History

Needs to be written.

Silver

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Mine, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Central Planning
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +1 0101 , +4 0102 Slave Mine, +3, +1
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism
Small chance of discovering , , , , , , , , +2 0101 , +5 0102

Technology

Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Forge, +1, +25%
Can turn 1 Citizen into Engineer
+1 from Gold, Silver
Required to Build Ironworks, Iron Pillar, The Statue of Liberty, The Eiffel Tower
Requires Steel
120Jewish Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Jewish Sanhedrin (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Silver)
Obsolete with TelevisionConfucian Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Confucian Guozijian (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Silver)
Obsolete with TelevisionZoroastrian Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Zoroastrian Royal Fire (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Silver)
Obsolete with TelevisionEl Escorial, +6, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Provides for every acquired colony
+2 for every controlled Silver and Gold resource
Requires Exploration
700 (Double Production Speed with Silver)
Obsolete with Thermodynamics Luxury

History

Silver is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol "Ag" and the atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal and is found in mineral deposits and in free form.
Slag heaps found in Asia Minor indicate that silver has been known about for a long time, and that it was being separated from lead as early as the fourth millennium BC.

Citrus

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Orchard, +1
+1 with Crop Rotation
+1 with Biotechnology
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Slavery
Carries Irrigation +3 0100

Technology

Pottery
Can Build a Orchard
Can Construct Granary, The Pyramids
80 (Enables)

Used by

Grocer
+1 from Citrus, Dates, Banana, Olives, Spices
Requires Market
Requires Guilds
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)

History

Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus Citrus is native to South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Various citrus species have been utilized and domesticated by indigenous cultures in these areas since ancient times. From there its cultivation spread into Micronesia and Polynesia by the Austronesian expansion (c. 3000â€“1500 BCE); and to the Middle East and the Mediterranean (c. 1200 BCE) via the incense trade route, and onwards to Europe.

Dates

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Orchard, +1
+1 with Crop Rotation
+1 with Biotechnology
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Slavery
Carries Irrigation +2 0100

Technology

Pottery
Can Build a Orchard
Can Construct Granary, The Pyramids
80 (Enables)

Used by

Grocer
+1 from Citrus, Dates, Banana, Olives, Spices
Requires Market
Requires Guilds
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)The Hanging Gardens, +6, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Provides 1 Dates (), +1
No from Flood Plains
Requires Paganism
Requires Calendar
200 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Civil Service

History

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. Although its place of origin is unknown because of long cultivation, it probably originated from lands around the Persian Gulf. It is a medium-sized plant, 15 - 25 m tall, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. The leaves are 3 - 5 m long, with spines on the petiole, and pinnate, with about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30 cm long and 2 cm wide. The full span of the crown ranges from 6 to 10 m.

Olives

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Orchard, +1
+1 with Crop Rotation
+1 with Biotechnology
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Slavery
Carries Irrigation +3 0100

Technology

Pottery
Can Build a Orchard
Can Construct Granary, The Pyramids
80 (Enables)

Used by

Grocer
+1 from Citrus, Dates, Banana, Olives, Spices
Requires Market
Requires Guilds
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)

History

The olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree native to the eastern Mediterranean which bears a fruit bearing the same name. The olive is a bitter fruit but can be eaten (usually after some kind of fermentation or curing) or used to make olive oil. It is not known exactly when olive trees first began being cultivated by humans, but they have been in use since at least 3000 BC. The olive is native to Greece and Palestine, but was later spread to the western Mediterranean and (eventually) all over the world, as it is grown today in California and Australia.

Olives and olive oil both possessed special religious significance for the ancient Greeks. According to legend, the olive tree was created by the goddess Athena and used to win a contest with the god Poseidon over who would name a newly founded city; as a result of her gift of the olive, the city of Athens bears her name to this day. The ancient Greeks considered the olive to be sacred; it was a symbol of peace, wisdom, and triumph. Olive wreaths were used to crown Olympic champions. Olive oil was used in Hellenic religious ceremonies, and to this day it continues to possess a special importance in the Greek Orthodox Church. The olive continues to be of economic importance to Greece, which exports more than 400,000 tons of olive oil worldwide each year.

Spices

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Orchard, +1
+1 with Crop Rotation
+1 with Biotechnology
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Slavery
Carries Irrigation +2 0102

Technology

Calendar
Centers World Map
Can Build a Plantation
Enables Manorialism
Can Construct The Hanging Gardens
First to Discover Founds Hinduism
180 (Enables)

Used by

Grocer
+1 from Citrus, Dates, Banana, Olives, Spices
Requires Market
Requires Guilds
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)Trading Company, +1 (Great Merchant)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per City with
+2 Trade Routes
+1 from Spices
+1 from Coffee, Sugar, Tea, Tobacco
Requires at least 1 Colony
Requires Economics
400 TradingCompany

History

Certain types of plants have evolved in such a way that they produce mild toxins or repellents that make their odor or flavor distasteful to animals. Oddly enough, humans sought out many of these plants because of those smells and tastes. Merchants in the Middle East began a profitable spice trade before 2000 BC. Spices are used now, as they were in the ancient world, to preserve food and enhance its flavor. Although spices are now commercially cultivated and prepared, most types can still be found in abundance in nature. Many of the most popular spices, such as cloves and nutmeg, are extracted from plants that grow in tropical or swampy regions of the world.

Wine

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Orchard, +1
+1 with Crop Rotation
+1 with Biotechnology
+1 from Vassalage
+1 from Slavery
Carries Irrigation +2 0102

Technology

Pottery
Can Build a Orchard
Can Construct Granary, The Pyramids
80 (Enables)

Used by

Pharmacy
Can turn 1 Citizen into Scientist
+1 from Incense, Opium, Wine
Requires Alchemy
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)

History

Wine, a beverage made from fermented grapes, was first produced as early as 6000 BC. Its use spread throughout the Middle East and Egypt, and it quickly became a popular beverage of the ancient world. The grapes used for the making of wine are grown in many different regions of the world. Most vineyards are located in hills and valleys of temperate regions. Wine making as an industry has been perfected over several centuries. Many regions such as the Rhine and Loire valleys of Europe are well known for their fine wines, and derive a significant portion of their economy from wine making.

Rice

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 1 Cities

Improvements

Paddy Field
+1 with Irrigation
+1 with Chemistry
+1 with Genetics
-1 from Republic
+1 from Manorialism
+2 from Syncretism
Carries Irrigation +2 0100

Technology

Agriculture
Can Build a Farm
Can Build a Paddy Field
80 (Enables)

Used by

Grain Silo
+1 from Corn, Rice, Wheat, Millet
Requires Granary
Requires Collectivism
200Dujiangyan, +2, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
River Tiles: +1
Requires a River
Requires Writing
Requires Rice
350
Obsolete with HorticultureTsukiji Fish Market, +6, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Water Tiles: +1
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Refrigeration
Requires Rice
1000 Cereal

History

Rice is a dietary staple of more than half of the world's human population. Rice is often grown in paddies - shallow puddles carefully controlled to ensure appropriate water depth. It is believed that rice cultivation began simultaneously in many countries over 6500 years ago. Modern world production of rice has risen steadily from about 200 million tons in 1960 to 600 million tons in 2000.

Camel

+1 0100 +1 0101 +1 01c4 , Supplies 2 Cities

Improvements

Pasture
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Biology
+1 with Genetics
+2 from Elective
+1 from Manorialism +2 0100 , +1 0102

Technology

Pastoralism
Can Build a Pasture
Reveals Camel, Horse
80 (Reveals) Riding
Can Train Horseman, Camel Rider, War Elephant
Can Construct Stable
Enables Skirmish
120 (Enables)

Used by

Camel Archer (Light Cavalry Units)
5, 2
Can Enter Desert
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (30% Chance)
+50% Open Terrain Strength
+25% Desert Strength
+25% Semidesert Strength
+25% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Starts with Desert Adaptation
Requires Nobility
Requires CamelCamel Gunner (Light Cavalry Units)
6, 2
Can Enter Desert
Immune to First Strikes
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (30% Chance)
+30% Open Terrain Strength
+25% Desert Strength
+25% Semidesert Strength
+25% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
Flank attack against Catapult, Trebuchet, Bombard, Cannon
Starts with Desert Adaptation
Requires Combined Arms
Requires CamelCamel Rider (Heavy Cavalry Units)
5, 2
Can Enter Desert
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (20% Chance)
-25% City Strength
+25% Desert Strength
+25% Semidesert Strength
+25% vs. Heavy Cavalry Units
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Flank attack against Catapult
Starts with Desert Adaptation
Requires Riding
Requires Camel
Requires Copper or Iron SilkRoute

History

A camel is an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as humps on its back. There are two species of camels: the dromedary or Arabian camel has a single hump, and the bactrian has two humps. Dromedaries are native to the dry desert areas of West Asia, and Bactrian camels are native to Central and East Asia. Both species are domesticated.

Camels provide milk and meat, and are working animals. Their hair is also used as a source material for woven goods, ranging from Bedouin tents to garments. They are well-suited to long desert journeys and can carry a great deal of cargo, allowing substantial trade over desert regions since ancient times. Camels have been used in wars throughout Africa, the Middle East and India, both as mounts and freight animals, instead of horses and mules.

Horse

+1 0101

Improvements

Pasture
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Biology
+1 with Genetics
+2 from Elective
+1 from Manorialism +2 0101 , +1 0102

Technology

Pastoralism
Can Build a Pasture
Reveals Camel, Horse
80 (Reveals) Pastoralism
Can Build a Pasture
Reveals Camel, Horse
80 (Enables)

Used by

Chariot (Light Cavalry Units)
4, 2
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (20% Chance)
+25% Open Terrain Strength
Requires Leverage
Requires HorseHorse Archer (Light Cavalry Units)
6, 2
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (30% Chance)
+50% Open Terrain Strength
Requires Nobility
Requires HorsePistolier (Light Cavalry Units)
7, 2
Immune to First Strikes
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (30% Chance)
+30% Open Terrain Strength
Flank attack against Catapult, Trebuchet, Bombard, Cannon
Requires Combined Arms
Requires HorseHussar (Light Cavalry Units)
10, 2
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (40% Chance)
+25% Open Terrain Strength
+50% Attack vs. Cannon
+50% Attack vs. Artillery
Flank attack against Catapult, Trebuchet, Bombard, Cannon, Artillery
Requires Nationalism
Requires Biology
Requires HorseHorseman (Heavy Cavalry Units)
6, 2
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (20% Chance)
-25% City Strength
+25% vs. Siege Weapons
Flank attack against Catapult
Requires Riding
Requires Horse
Requires Copper or IronLancer (Heavy Cavalry Units)
10, 2
Immune to First Strikes
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
-25% City Strength
Flank attack against Catapult, Trebuchet
Requires Feudalism
Requires Horse
Requires IronCuirassier (Heavy Cavalry Units)
12, 2
Immune to First Strikes
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
-25% City Strength
Requires Combined Arms
Requires Horse
Requires IronDragoon (Heavy Cavalry Units)
14, 2
Immune to First Strikes
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
-25% City Strength
Requires Biology
Requires HorseCavalry (Light Cavalry Units)
14, 2
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
+20% Open Terrain Strength
+50% Attack vs. Artillery
+50% Attack vs. Howitzer
Flank attack against Catapult, Trebuchet, Bombard, Cannon, Artillery, Howitzer
Requires Microbiology
Requires HorseSilver Tree Fountain, +6, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Another great person is born whenever a Great General appears
Requires Paper
400 (Double Production Speed with Horse)
Obsolete with Geography

History

Arguably the most useful domesticated animal in mankind's history, horses have existed for some 50 million years. While significant evolution has taken place (early ancestors were under a foot tall), the basic appearance of the horse has remained relatively unchanged. The earliest interaction between horses and men was that of game, with early man hunting them for food. Around 2500 BC, the first signs of domesticated breeds began appearing in Asia, but the idea took hold and spread rapidly. The contributions of the horse to man's conquest of his fellow man were immense, enabling the vast campaigns by Genghis Khan and Alexander the Great. The Spaniards introduced the modern breed to North America in the 16th Century, often turning their imported herds loose before returning to Europe (making valuable room for gold and other treasures). While the importance of horses has dwindled since the advent of the internal combustion engine, they remain a boon in the realms of entertainment and farming.

Cow

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Pasture
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Biology
+1 with Genetics
+2 from Elective
+1 from Manorialism +1 0100 , +2 0101

Technology

Pastoralism
Can Build a Pasture
Reveals Camel, Horse
80 (Enables)

Used by

Abattoir
+1 from Cow, Pig
Requires Refrigeration
160

History

Descendants of the buffalo and bison, cattle fulfilled many uses in man's past and present. Originally wild herds of these beasts roamed vast stretches of Asia, Africa and Europe. Their early contributions to mankind were those of labor, goods and food, though the horse soon replaced them as the preferred beast of burden. The Romans were the first people to attempt to breed cattle to promote specific traits over others. Their ability to survive in arid areas unsuitable for farming became a premier benefit of these new breeds. In 1521 Spaniards introduced them to Mexico and the New World, leading to extensive cattle ranching throughout Texas and other neighboring regions. Today there are over 100 million head of cattle in the United States alone.

Pig

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Pasture
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Biology
+1 with Genetics
+2 from Elective
+1 from Manorialism +3 0100

Technology

Pastoralism
Can Build a Pasture
Reveals Camel, Horse
80 (Enables)

Used by

Abattoir
+1 from Cow, Pig
Requires Refrigeration
160

History

The pig has been domesticated for about 5,000 to 7,000 years and the animal is found across Europe, the Middle East, and extends in Asia as far as Indonesia and Japan. Pigs are one of the most intelligent animals, and some are even kept as pets. Pigs are reportedly more trainable than dogs and cats.

Sheep

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Pasture
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Biology
+1 with Genetics
+2 from Elective
+1 from Manorialism +2 0100 , +1 0102

Technology

Pastoralism
Can Build a Pasture
Reveals Camel, Horse
80 (Enables)

Used by

Weaver, +1
+1 from Sheep, Cotton, Dye, Silk
Requires Leverage
60 (Double Production Speed with Caste System) Textile

History

For centuries, sheep have had associations with many Mediterranean cultures. Many religions, such as Judaism and Christianity, use sheep-related images and parables. Raising sheep provided a steady source of income to ancient farmers since the animal can give milk, wool, and meat. Even in the 21st Century, sheep can provide a return on investment of up to 400% of their annual cost (including reproduction gains).

Banana

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +3 0100 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +3 0100

Technology

Calendar
Centers World Map
Can Build a Plantation
Enables Manorialism
Can Construct The Hanging Gardens
First to Discover Founds Hinduism
180 (Enables)

Used by

Grocer
+1 from Citrus, Dates, Banana, Olives, Spices
Requires Market
Requires Guilds
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System) TradingCompany

History

The banana is mentioned for the first time in history in Buddhist texts in 600 BC. Alexander the Great discovered the taste of the banana in the valleys of India in 327 BC. The existence of organized plantations that harvested bananas can be found in China in the year 200 AD. Arab merchants, after Islamic conquerors brought the banana to Palestine in 650 AD, eventually spread the bananas over much of Africa. In 1502, Portuguese colonists started the first banana plantations in the Caribbean and in Central America.

Cocoa

+1 0100 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +1 0100 , +1 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +1 0100 , +3 0102

Technology

Calendar
Centers World Map
Can Build a Plantation
Enables Manorialism
Can Construct The Hanging Gardens
First to Discover Founds Hinduism
180 (Enables)

Used by

Coffee House, +2
+1 from Cocoa, Coffee, Tea, Tobacco
Requires Patronage
120 TradingCompany

History

Theobroma cacao also cacao tree and cocoa tree, is a small (4?8 m (13?26 ft) tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical region of America. Its seeds are used to make cocoa powder and chocolate.

Coffee

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +2 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +4 0102

Technology

Companies
Obsoletes Flavian Amphitheatre
Reveals Coffee
Enables Regulated Trade
Can Train Pikeman
Can Construct Vijaya Stambha
900 (Reveals) Companies
Obsoletes Flavian Amphitheatre
Reveals Coffee
Enables Regulated Trade
Can Train Pikeman
Can Construct Vijaya Stambha
900 (Enables)

Used by

Coffee House, +2
+1 from Cocoa, Coffee, Tea, Tobacco
Requires Patronage
120Trading Company, +1 (Great Merchant)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per City with
+2 Trade Routes
+1 from Spices
+1 from Coffee, Sugar, Tea, Tobacco
Requires at least 1 Colony
Requires Economics
400 TradingCompany

History

The history of coffee begins in the 9th century. It is thought to have originated in the highlands of Ethiopia and spread to the rest of the world via Egypt and Europe. The word coffee is derived from the Arabic word Qah'wa, over Ottoman Turkish Kahve, which originally meant wine or other intoxicating liquors. Partly due to the Islamic prohibition on drinking alcohol, preparing and drinking coffee became an important social ritual. In the 15th century, Muslims introduced coffee in Persia, Egypt, northern Africa and Turkey, where the first cafeteria, Kiva Han, opened in 1475 in Constantinople. The stimulant effect of drinking coffee caused it to be forbidden among orthodox and conservative imams in Mecca in 1511 and in Cairo in 1532 by a theological court. In Egypt, coffeehouses and warehouses containing coffee cherries were sacked. But the product's popularity, particularly among intellectuals, led to the reversal of this decision in 1524 by an order of the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Selim I. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Europe, where it became popular in the 17th century. Dutch traders were the first to start large scale import of coffee into Europe.

Cotton

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +1 0101 , +2 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +1 0101 , +4 0102

Technology

Calendar
Centers World Map
Can Build a Plantation
Enables Manorialism
Can Construct The Hanging Gardens
First to Discover Founds Hinduism
180 (Enables)

Used by

Weaver, +1
+1 from Sheep, Cotton, Dye, Silk
Requires Leverage
60 (Double Production Speed with Caste System) SilkRoute Textile

History

Important for production of cloth, cotton is a soft fiber which can be extracted from cotton plants. After removal from the plant, the fibers are processed to remove seeds and wax, and then they are spun into threads. Cotton grows well in both tropical and warm temperate climates, and it can be cultivated across much of the inhabited portions of the world.
Many civilizations recognized the value cotton very early in their development - examples include the Egyptians, (Asian) Indians and even some pre-Colombian American cultures. The Industrial Revolution saw the invention of the "Spinning Jenny" and cotton gin, which enabled mass production of cotton-based cloth. After these developments the demand for the plant fiber became almost insatiable, driving up labor demands for its cultivation across the world - leading to, among other things, the continuation of slavery in the United States into the mid-nineteenth century. Today, however, most cotton in western nations is harvested mechanically. It remains an important good worldwide.

Dye

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Harvest Boats
+2 from Thalassocracy +3 0102 Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +3 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +5 0102

Technology

Calendar
Centers World Map
Can Build a Plantation
Enables Manorialism
Can Construct The Hanging Gardens
First to Discover Founds Hinduism
180 (Enables)

Used by

Weaver, +1
+1 from Sheep, Cotton, Dye, Silk
Requires Leverage
60 (Double Production Speed with Caste System) Textile

History

Dyeing is the process of applying colors to fabrics. A human practice for over three thousand years, it enabled the natural white color of silk, wool and cotton to be enhanced with a varied spectrum of color. Natural dyes are created from a myriad of sources, including shells, animals and plants, though these dyes were not always permanent and frequently expensive. Modern dyes are based on artificial or processed substances such as coal and other chemicals. One benefit for a nation with an extensive dye industry is that the processes involved in creating dye can be easily retooled to other purposes. Germany discovered this in World War I when it was determined that factories producing artificial dye could be easily modified to create explosives, poison gas and other tools of war.

Incense

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +4 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +6 0102

Technology

Priesthood
Can Construct Monastery
Can Construct Sanctuary
Enables Clergy
Can Construct The Temple of Artemis
First to Discover Founds Zoroastrianism
275 (Enables)

Used by

Pharmacy
Can turn 1 Citizen into Scientist
+1 from Incense, Opium, Wine
Requires Alchemy
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)Monolithic Church, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 from Priest in All Cities
Requires Guilds
Requires Incense
400 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Geology

History

Incense is a compound which, when burned, releases fragrant smoke. It is often used in religious ceremonies, and some believe that it has therapeutic benefits as well. Incense is typically composed of plant materials such as clove, cedar, frankincense, or nutmeg, but it can be created from essential oils or animal products - musk or ambergris, for example. Many early cultures employed incense, including the Chinese, Japanese, Egyptian, Babylonian, and Assyrian civilizations. Indians have used incense in religious ceremonies since at least 5,000 B.C.

Opium

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +2 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +4 0102

Technology

Medicine
Can Construct Bath, Gondeshapur
Enables Medic I
380 (Enables)

Used by

Pharmacy
Can turn 1 Citizen into Scientist
+1 from Incense, Opium, Wine
Requires Alchemy
120 (Double Production Speed with Caste System) SilkRoute

History

The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the type of poppy from which opium and all other refined opiates such as morphine can be extracted. The opium poppy probably originated in the eastern Mediterranean area and was subsequently spread to its modern range which covers much of southern Asia and beyond. Opium was used in the ancient Mediterranean for its medicinal qualities and as recreational narcotic. The use of the opium poppy most likely predates written history, but the first known historical occurrences of opium poppies are images found in ancient Sumerian artefacts dating to approximately 4000 B.C. Use of the opium poppy spread and by the 5th century B.C. was also known to the Greeks, who gave opium its current name.

Rubber

+1 0101

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +2 0101 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +2 0101

Technology

Construction
Can Construct Walls, The Great Wall, Ishtar Gate, Moai Statues
150 (Enables)

Used by

Industrial Park, +1
+10% with Aluminum
+10% with Oil
+10% with Rubber
Can turn 2 Citizens into Engineer
+1 from Aluminum, Oil, Rubber
Requires Factory
Requires Assembly Line
300 Automobiles

History

    In its native Central America and South America, rubber has been collected for a long time. The Mesoamerican civilizations used rubber mostly from Castilla elastica. The Ancient Mesoamericans had a ball game using rubber balls, and a few Pre-Columbian rubber balls have been found (always in sites that were flooded under fresh water), the earliest dating to about 1600 BC. According to Bernal DÃaz del Castillo, the Spanish Conquistadores were so astounded by the vigorous bouncing of the rubber balls of the Aztecs that they wondered if the balls were enchanted by evil spirits. The Maya also made a type of temporary rubber shoe by dipping their feet into a latex mixture. Rubber was used in various other contexts, such as strips to hold stone and metal tools to wooden handles, and padding for the tool handles. While the ancient Mesoamericans did not have vulcanization, they developed organic methods of processing the rubber with similar results, mixing the raw latex with various saps and juices of other vines, particularly Ipomoea alba, a species of Morning glory. In Brazil, the natives understood the use of rubber to make water-resistant cloth. A story says that the first European to return to Portugal from Brazil with samples of such water-repellent rubberised cloth so shocked people that he was brought to court on the charge of witchcraft.
    When samples of rubber first arrived in England, it was observed by Joseph Priestley, in 1770, that a piece of the material was extremely good for rubbing out pencil marks on paper.
    The para rubber tree initially grew in South America, where it was the main source of what limited amount of latex rubber was consumed during much of the 19th century. About 100 years ago, the Congo Free State in Africa was a significant source of natural rubber latex, mostly gathered by forced labor. The Congo Free State was forged and ruled as a personal colony by the Belgian King Leopold II where millions of Africans died as a result of lust for rubber and rubber profits. After repeated efforts rubber was successfully cultivated in Southeast Asia, where it is now widely grown.

Silk

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +2 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +4 0102

Technology

Calendar
Centers World Map
Can Build a Plantation
Enables Manorialism
Can Construct The Hanging Gardens
First to Discover Founds Hinduism
180 (Enables)

Used by

Weaver, +1
+1 from Sheep, Cotton, Dye, Silk
Requires Leverage
60 (Double Production Speed with Caste System) SilkRoute Textile

History

Silk has been a valuable commodity for textiles since its properties were discovered in the 27th century BC. Silk is obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm moth, which was originally native to the forests of China. The fine fibers of the cocoon are woven into cloth, which is used to make all types of clothing. Raw silk was obtained only from Asia until 550 AD, when two monks sent from the Roman Empire secretly stole silkworm eggs from China and brought them to Europe. Eventually, silkworms were found in many areas throughout the world. Less expensive synthetic fibers of the 20th century led to a decline in the silk market, but silk is still very popular in many types of clothing and other goods.

Sugar

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +1 0100 , +2 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +1 0100 , +3 0102

Technology

Calendar
Centers World Map
Can Build a Plantation
Enables Manorialism
Can Construct The Hanging Gardens
First to Discover Founds Hinduism
180 (Enables)

Used by

Distillery, +1
+1 on improved Potatoes resources
+1 on improved Rice resources
+1 on improved Sugar resources
+1 on improved Wine resources
+1 from Potatoes, Sugar
Requires Chemistry
180Trading Company, +1 (Great Merchant)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per City with
+2 Trade Routes
+1 from Spices
+1 from Coffee, Sugar, Tea, Tobacco
Requires at least 1 Colony
Requires Economics
400 TradingCompany

History

Sugarcane is a tropical grass, probably native to New Guinea. Sugar refining was developed in China, India, and the Middle East, where it became a staple of cooking and desserts. During the eighteenth century, Europeans developed a taste for jams, candy, tea, coffee, and other sweets in greater numbers. These demands made sugar enormously popular, and its production and marketing have gone through a series of booms.

Tea

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +2 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +4 0102

Technology

Aesthetics
Obsoletes The Great Sphinx
Can Construct Jeweller, Temple of Kukulkan, Jetavanaramaya
First to Discover Founds Taoism
350 (Enables)

Used by

Coffee House, +2
+1 from Cocoa, Coffee, Tea, Tobacco
Requires Patronage
120Trading Company, +1 (Great Merchant)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per City with
+2 Trade Routes
+1 from Spices
+1 from Coffee, Sugar, Tea, Tobacco
Requires at least 1 Colony
Requires Economics
400 TradingCompany

History

Made from the leaves or buds of a bush, tea is the liquid created by soaking the extracted foliage in water and it is a popular beverage throughout the world. The "Camellia Sinesis," (tea plant), is grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the planet such as China or India. Originally from Southeast Asia, it early on became a staple in the diet of many person from the Orient. It was not until the sixteenth or seventeenth century that it was introduced to Europe as explorers crossed the globe in search of knowledge and treasure. Tea quickly became popular with the wealthy of Western Europe, and Britain would set up numerous plantations in its colony of India to help satiate the demand - India today remains the biggest producer of tea in the world.

Tobacco

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Plantation
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
+1 with Biotechnology
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Caste System
+1 from Regulated Trade
-1 from Thalassocracy +3 0102 Slave Plantation, +2
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Horticulture
-1 from Republic
+1 from Slavery
+1 from Regulated Trade
+1 from Colonialism
+1 from Colonialism +5 0102

Technology

Priesthood
Can Construct Monastery
Can Construct Sanctuary
Enables Clergy
Can Construct The Temple of Artemis
First to Discover Founds Zoroastrianism
275 (Enables) Genetics
Obsoletes Tobacco
Farm: +1
Paddy Field: +1
Pasture: +1
Can Construct Global Seed Vault
Can Create Human Genome Project
14500 (Obsoletes)

Used by

Coffee House, +2
+1 from Cocoa, Coffee, Tea, Tobacco
Requires Patronage
120Trading Company, +1 (Great Merchant)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per City with
+2 Trade Routes
+1 from Spices
+1 from Coffee, Sugar, Tea, Tobacco
Requires at least 1 Colony
Requires Economics
400 TradingCompany

History

It is believed that tobacco began growing in the Americas about 6,000 BC, and by 1 BC Native Americans were using tobacco in spiritual rituals and social gatherings. On October 15, 1492 Columbus was presented with a gift of dried tobacco leaves by the Native Americans. Soon after, it was brought to Europe where its popularity soared as people thought it cured everything from bad breath to cancer. The opposite, of course, was true. In 1847 Phillip Morris established selling hand rolled Turkish cigarettes. Cigarettes have served in every war since WW I, and have become entwined with images of war in the modern era. The active ingredient, Nicotine, is a highly toxic liquid alkaloid which has since been recognized as severely detrimental to health. The neuro-depressant is highly addictive, and also suppresses appetite while increasing blood pressure. New users experience a "high," while experienced users feel simple satisfaction.

Marble

+1 0101

Improvements

Quarry
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Slavery +1 0101 , +2 0102

Technology

Masonry
Can Build a Quarry
Enables Slavery
120 (Enables)

Used by

Islamic Grand Mosque, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Islamic Mosque (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Marble)Hindu Kshetra, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Hindu Mandir (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Marble)National Gallery, +100%, +1 (Great Artist)
National Wonder (1 Allowed)
Can turn 3 Citizens into Artist
Requires Civil Liberties
300 (Double Production Speed with Marble)The Great Sphinx, +4, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Marble, Stone
Requires Paganism
Requires Mythology
100 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with AestheticsThe Oracle, +8, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
2 Free Technologies From Your Current Or Earlier Eras
Requires Paganism
Requires Divination
150 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with EthicsIshtar Gate, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Artist
Can turn 1 Citizen into Scientist
Can turn 1 Citizen into Merchant
Can turn 1 Citizen into Engineer
Can turn 1 Citizen into Statesman
Requires Paganism
Requires Construction
150 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with PhilosophyApadana Palace, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Monument in Every City
Workers Build Improvements +50% Faster
Requires Arithmetics
250 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with PoliticsThe Great Mausoleum, +10, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+50% Golden Age Length
Requires Cement
500 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with PatronageThe Parthenon, +10, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+50% Birth Rate in All Cities
Requires Paganism
Requires Mathematics
350 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with GunpowderThe Temple of Artemis, +8, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Harbor in Every City
+1 on improved Clam resources
+1 on improved Crab resources
+1 on improved Fish resources
Requires Paganism
Requires Priesthood
Requires Mathematics
400 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with TheologyFlavian Amphitheatre, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
New Units Receive +4 Experience Points
+50% Military Unit Production
Requires Paganism
Requires Engineering
500 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with CompaniesThe Pantheon, +8, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per Pagan Temple
Extra when a Pagan Temple is removed
No when converting from a Pagan to a Major Religion
Requires Paganism
Requires Engineering
400 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with DoctrineThe Great Library, +8, +2 (Great Scientist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 Free Scientist
Requires Paganism
Requires Philosophy
500 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with PaperThe Hagia Sophia, +8, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per City with
Requires Architecture
600 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with CollectivismKhajuraho, +4, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 Population in All Cities
+1 from Priest in All Cities
Requires Civil Service
600 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with Civil LibertiesNotre Dame, +10, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Cities with State construct buildings +25% faster
Requires Commune
600 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with NationalismSanta Maria del Fiore, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+100% Birth Rate
Requires Patronage
500 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with RepresentationThe Sistine Chapel, +10, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 per Specialist in All Cities
+5 from All State Buildings
Requires Humanities
600 (Double Production Speed with Marble)The Taj Mahal, +10, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Starts a Golden Age
Requires Urban Planning
800 (Double Production Speed with Marble)Blue Mosque, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
At most 1 from temporary effects
Requires Academia
750 (Double Production Speed with Marble)
Obsolete with ConsumerismThe Louvre, +8, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 Free Artist
+2 per controlled Great Wonder
Requires Civil Liberties
800 (Builds 50% Faster with Marble)Mole Antonelliana, +8, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 per Peak in city radius
Requires Assembly Line
1200 (Double Production Speed with Marble)Sagrada Familia, +10, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Artist in All Cities
+25% converted when building
Requires Macroeconomics
2000 (Builds 50% Faster with Marble) (Builds 50% Faster with Stone) Luxury

History

Marble is a kind of limestone, used by man for millennia. It is a useful material for construction, especially in dry climates. Marble is an excellent material from which to make statues, as well. Marble surfaces can be polished to a beautiful sheen, but the rock remains attractive even when the surface is left rough.
The Egyptians used marble blocks to line the outside of the Pyramid of Cheops. The Greeks used blocks of marble to construct some of their buildings; they also used the material to sculpt some of the world's great artworks. The Romans were the first to use slabs of marble as wall coverings. Marble remains one of the most popular construction and artistic materials extant.

Stone

+1 0101

Improvements

Quarry
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Slavery +2 0101

Technology

Masonry
Can Build a Quarry
Enables Slavery
120 (Enables)

Used by

Walls
50% Defense (Except vs. Gunpowder-based Units)
-50% Damage to Defenses from Bombardment (Except vs. Gunpowder-based Units)
Required to Build Castle
Requires Construction
50 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Ballistics (Except defensive bonus)Castle, +1
50% Defense (Except vs. Gunpowder-based Units)
-25% Damage to Defenses from Bombardment (Except vs. Gunpowder-based Units)
+1 with Vassalage
New Siege Weapons Receive +2 Experience Points
Required to Build Krak des Chevaliers
Requires Walls
Requires Fortification
100 (Double Production Speed with Stone) (Double Production Speed with Hegemony)
Obsolete with Urban Planning (Except defensive bonus)Jewish Sanhedrin, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Jewish Synagogue (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Protestant Cathedral, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Protestant Church (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Catholic Cathedral, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Catholic Church (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Orthodox Cathedral, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Orthodox Church (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Confucian Guozijian, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Confucian Miao (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Zoroastrian Royal Fire, +25%
+2 if is State
+25% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Zoroastrian Fire Temple (2 Total)
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)The Great Sphinx, +4, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Marble, Stone
Requires Paganism
Requires Mythology
100 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with AestheticsThe Pyramids, +6, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Centers World Map
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest
Can turn 1 Citizen into Engineer
+1 per from resources
Requires Paganism
Requires Pottery
250 (Triple Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with ArchitectureThe Great Wall, +2, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Reduced enemy movement speed within the walls
Barbarian units take damage within the walls
Requires Construction
450 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Combined ArmsThe Hanging Gardens, +6, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Provides 1 Dates (), +1
No from Flood Plains
Requires Paganism
Requires Calendar
200 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Civil ServiceThe Great Cothon, +4, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Water Tiles: +1
Requires Paganism
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Shipbuilding
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with AlchemyAqua Appia, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per Culture Level
Requires Paganism
Requires Cement
350 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Crop RotationPyramid of the Sun, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+3 per Citizen
Requires Paganism
Requires Mathematics
Requires Corn
500 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Crop RotationMoai Statues, +4, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 for Water Improvements
Requires 20 Water Tiles in City Radius
Requires Paganism
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Navigation
Requires Construction
300 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Temple of Kukulkan, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Plantations
Requires Paganism
Requires Aesthetics
Requires Corn
450 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with ExplorationMachu Picchu, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 per Peak in City Radius
Requires Paganism
Requires Law
Requires Potatoes
400 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with GeologyFloating Gardens, +6, +4, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Requires Paganism
Requires a River
Requires Ethics
Requires Corn
450 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Theodosian Walls, +2, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Heals Units Extra 20% Damage/Turn
100% Defense (Except vs. Gunpowder-based Units)
+1 Free Engineer
Requires Architecture
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Logistics (Except defensive bonus)Borobudur, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Priest in All Cities
Can turn 3 Citizens into Priest
Requires Artisanry
500 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with SociologyPrambanan, +6, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 per from resources
Requires Politics
500 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with StatecraftWat Preah Pisnulok, +8, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
All Buildings: +1
Requires Civil Service
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Urban PlanningGreat Adobe Mosque, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Can turn 2 Citizens into Priest
+1 on Desert and Semidesert
Requires Doctrine
Requires Ivory
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with MeasurementThe Spiral Minaret, +8, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
All Buildings provide Religion Effect if State present
Requires Theology
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with EconomicsKrak des Chevaliers, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Castle in Every City
Defeated city defenders retreat to your capital
Requires Castle
Requires Fortification
500 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Combined ArmsMonolithic Church, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 from Priest in All Cities
Requires Guilds
Requires Incense
400 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with GeologyUniversity of Sankore, +8, +2 (Great Scientist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Receive additional when trading technologies
Requires Scholarship
Requires Ivory
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Scientific MethodOld Synagogue, +4, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 from Jewish religious buildings
Requires Commune
400 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Social ServicesAlamut Fortress, +4, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
New Espionage Units Receive +10 Experience Points
Requires Compass
400 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Combined ArmsThe Kremlin, +6, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
25% Defense in All Cities
Free Morale promotion for civilian units
Requires Gunpowder
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Vijaya Stambha, +6, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free City Garrison I Promotion for Units Built in this City
+50% Great General Emergence
Requires Companies
500 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with Replaceable PartsThe Red Fort, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Enemies suffer +100% War Weariness
Requires Logistics
600 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with BallisticsVersailles, +8, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Estate in Every City
+2 Free Statesman
Requires Heritage
800 (Double Production Speed with Stone)St. Basil's Cathedral, +6, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
All Buildings: +2
Requires Firearms
Requires Statecraft
800 (Double Production Speed with Stone)
Obsolete with CollectivismTrafalgar Square, +2, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
New Naval Units Receive +5 Experience Points
Builds Water Units +50% Faster
Requires a naval unit of level three or higher
Requires Wharf
Requires Measurement
500 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Chapultepec Castle, +8, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 unit experience per culture level
Requires Nationalism
800 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Triumphal Arch, +6, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+50% healing when units are promoted
Requires Ballistics
1000 (Builds 50% Faster with Stone)
Obsolete with RadarBrooklyn Bridge, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Levee in Every City
Requires Levee
Requires Access to Coast
Requires a River
Requires Collectivism
1500 (Builds 50% Faster with Stone)Las Lajas Sanctuary, +4, +2 (Great Prophet)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+10% unit heal rate in all cities
Requires Microbiology
1000 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Neuschwanstein Castle, +8, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Settling a Great Person restores 25%
Requires Journalism
1200 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Chateau Frontenac, +6, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Free Railway Station in Every City
+50% building speed for Railroads
Requires Railway Station
Requires Refining
1000 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Lubyanka, +4, +2 (Great Statesman)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+2 per Specialist in All Cities
Requires Intelligence Agency
Requires Psychology
1000 (Double Production Speed with Stone)Sagrada Familia, +10, +2 (Great Artist)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
+1 from Artist in All Cities
+25% converted when building
Requires Macroeconomics
2000 (Builds 50% Faster with Marble) (Builds 50% Faster with Stone)

History

    Stone has always been and remains one of the most important human building materials. In fact, stone tools predate human history. It appears as if the first stone tools were used by Paranthropus, an ancestor of man who lived about two million years ago.
    Most stone tools are created by chipping or grinding. The former is used when working with crystalline materials such as flint, chert and obsidian. The worker taps the stone with a harder stone, carefully chipping off stone flakes until the stone has been properly shaped. Mesoamerican tribes used this method to make their sharp and deadly obsidian swords.
    The grinding method is used when working with harder and coarser materials such as basalt and granite. This is a long and tedious process in which the toolmaker repeatedly grinds away the stone with a harder material or with sand, sometimes using water as a lubricant. Many of the earliest European stone axes were made using this process.

Jade

+1 0102 +1 01c2 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Quarry
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Slavery -1 0101 , +3 0102

Technology

Masonry
Can Build a Quarry
Enables Slavery
120 (Enables) Synthetics
Obsoletes Star Fort
Obsoletes Amber
Obsoletes Fur
Obsoletes Jade
Obsoletes Pearls
Can Train Tank, Battleship, Bomber
Can Construct Department Store
6500 (Obsoletes)

Used by

Jeweller, +2
Can turn 1 Citizen into Artist
+1 from Amber, Gems, Jade, Pearls
Requires Aesthetics
80 (Double Production Speed with Caste System)Taoist Reliquary, +2
+15% with State Religion
Can turn 1 Citizen into Priest with State Religion
Requires Taoist Gong (1 Total)
160 (Double Production Speed with Jade)
Obsolete with Television Luxury

History

A greenish mineral, Jade is extremely hard and robust, and has been in use for many thousands of years. Jade was originally used in tools and weapons, but as other more effective substances (like bronze and iron) were discovered, jade would become used largely for ornamental purposes. Jade was first widely used in China during the Neolithic period. Over time as the most accessible sources were depleted, it became more valuable than gold. Today jade is still used in jewellery and in a variety of trinkets, though it no longer carries the prestige or value it once did.

Salt

+1 0102 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Quarry
+1 from Railroad
+1 with Geology
+1 with Robotics
+1 from Slavery +1 0100 , -1 0101 , +2 0102

Technology

Mining
Can Build a Mine
Can Create Slave Mine
80 (Enables)

Used by

Granary, +1
Stores 25% of after Growth
+1 from Salt
Required to Build Grain Silo
Requires Pottery
60 (Double Production Speed with Redistribution)Salt Cathedral, +6, +2 (Great Merchant)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
All Buildings: +2
Requires Geology
700 (Double Production Speed with Salt)
Obsolete with Tourism

History

Edible salt is a mineral, one of the few rocks humans eat. Salt is necessary for the survival of all living creatures, including humans. Salt is involved in regulating the water content (fluid balance) of the body. Salt flavor is one of the basic tastes. In the past, salt was difficult to obtain, but had a great importance in food preservation and as a vital food additive. Therefore, it was a highly valued trade item throughout history. Wars were fought over it; states were formed and destroyed because of it. Roman soldiers were partially paid with salt, and this is still evident in the English language as the word salary derives from the Latin word salarium that means payment in salt (Latin sal), as well as the phrase "worth one's salt". It was also of high value to the Hebrews, Greeks and other peoples of antiquity. During the late Roman Empire and throughout the Middle Ages salt was a precious commodity carried along the salt roads into the heartland of the Germanic tribes. Cities, states and dukedoms along the salt roads exacted heavy duties and taxes for the salt passing through their territories. This practice caused wars, it even caused the formation of cities such as the city of Munich in 1158 when the then Duke of Bavaria Henry XII, called The Lion, decided that the bishops of Freising no longer needed their salt revenue.

Oil

+1 0102

Improvements

Well
+1 from Railroad
+2 with Cybernetics +2 0101 , +4 0102 Offshore Platform
+2 with Cybernetics +2 0101 , +4 0102

Technology

Thermodynamics
Obsoletes El Escorial
Reveals Oil
Can Train Steamship, Ironclad, Torpedo Boat
Can Construct Abbey Mills
Required for the spread of Textile Industry
3200 (Reveals) Refining
Can Build a Well
Can Train Cruiser
Can Construct Chateau Frontenac, Nobel Prize
Required for the spread of Oil Industry
4800 (Enables)

Used by

Mobile SAM (Gunpowder Units)
22, 2, 1 Range
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Can Intercept Aircraft (50% Chance)
+50% vs. Helicopter Units
Requires Robotics
Requires Rocketry
Requires OilTank (Armored Units)
28, 2
Can Enter Desert, Tundra, Ice
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Starts with Blitz
Requires Synthetics
Requires OilMain Battle Tank (Armored Units)
40, 2
Can Enter Desert, Tundra, Ice
1 First Strike
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Starts with Blitz
Requires Robotics
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumGunship (Helicopter Units)
24, 4
Can Enter Desert, Tundra, Ice, Jungle, Marsh, Rainforest
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Ignores Terrain Movement Costs
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
+100% vs. Armored Units
Flank attack against Cannon, Artillery, Howitzer, Mobile Artillery
Starts with Amphibious
Requires Aerodynamics
Requires OilMobile Artillery (Siege Weapons)
20, 2
Cannot Capture Enemy Cities or Units
Doesn't Receive Defensive Bonuses
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
Maximum 70% damage to enemy on attack
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 70%)
Immune to collateral damage from Siege Weapons
+25% City Attack
+25% Hills Defense
+25% Defense vs. Mobile Artillery
Can Bombard City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Requires Computers
Requires Oil
Requires IronTorpedo Boat (Naval Units)
18, 8
Cannot Enter Ocean
1 First Strike
Can Withdraw from Combat (50% Chance)
+50% Coast Attack
Requires Ballistics
Requires Thermodynamics
Requires Coal or OilCruiser (Naval Units)
28, 7
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Requires Engine
Requires Refining
Requires Coal or OilTransport (Naval Units)
16, 10
Cargo Space: 4
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Requires Infrastructure
Requires Oil or UraniumDestroyer (Naval Units)
24, 12
Can See Submarines
Can Intercept Aircraft (30% Chance)
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
+25% vs. Torpedo Boat
+25% vs. Submarine
+25% vs. Nuclear Submarine
Defends first against Submarine, Nuclear Submarine
Requires Electronics
Requires Oil or UraniumStealth Destroyer (Naval Units)
30, 12
Invisible to Most Units
Can See Submarines
2 First Strikes
Can Withdraw from Combat (25% Chance)
Defends first against Submarine, Nuclear Submarine
Requires Superconductors
Requires Oil or UraniumBattleship (Naval Units)
40, 10
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 60%)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-20%/Turn)
Requires Synthetics
Requires Oil or UraniumMissile Cruiser (Naval Units)
40, 10
Cargo Space: 4 (Carries Missiles)
Can Intercept Aircraft (30% Chance)
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 60%)
Can Bombard City Defenses (-20%/Turn)
Requires Satellites
Requires Oil or UraniumSubmarine (Naval Units)
24, 10
Invisible to Most Units
Can Move through Impassable Terrain
Can Explore Rival Territory
Can Withdraw from Combat (75% Chance)
Targets any Galleon, Steamship, Transport first in combat outside cities
Requires Pneumatics
Requires OilCarrier (Naval Units)
18, 9
Cargo Space: 3 (Carries Fighters)
Requires Power Projection
Requires Flight
Requires Oil or UraniumBiplane (Air Units)
12, 1, 6 Range
Can Intercept Aircraft (50% Chance)
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-8%/Turn)
Can be Based on Carriers
Requires Flight
Requires OilFighter (Air Units)
15, 1, 6 Range
Can Intercept Aircraft (75% Chance)
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-12%/Turn)
Can be Based on Carriers
Requires Aviation
Requires OilJet Fighter (Air Units)
28, 1, 10 Range
Can Intercept Aircraft (100% Chance)
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Can be Based on Carriers
Requires Aerodynamics
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumBomber (Air Units)
18, 1, 8 Range
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 50%)
-50% vs. Water Units
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-20%/Turn)
Requires Aviation
Requires Synthetics
Requires OilStealth Bomber (Air Units)
24, 1, 12 Range
Can Evade Interception (50% Chance)
Causes Collateral Damage (max. 75%)
-50% vs. Water Units
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-24%/Turn)
Requires Superconductors
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumDrone (Air Units)
20, 1, 10 Range
Invisible to All Units
Can Explore Rival Territory
Can Evade Enemy Detection (50% Chance)
Can Destroy Tile Improvements and Bomb City Defenses (-16%/Turn)
Can be Based on Carriers
Requires Cybernetics
Requires Oil
Requires AluminumRailway Station, +1
+1 Trade Routes
Can turn 1 Citizen into Engineer
Required to Build Chateau Frontenac
Requires Railroad
Requires Coal or Oil
250Gas Plant
Provides Power () with Oil (+2)
Requires Factory
Requires Pneumatics
300 (Double Production Speed with Central Planning)Industrial Park, +1
+10% with Aluminum
+10% with Oil
+10% with Rubber
Can turn 2 Citizens into Engineer
+1 from Aluminum, Oil, Rubber
Requires Factory
Requires Assembly Line
300Public Transportation, +1
+2 from Oil
Requires Infrastructure
250Airport, +1
Can Airlift 1 Land Unit per Turn
+4 Air Unit Capacity
+1 Trade Routes
New Air Units Receive +3 Experience Points
Requires Aviation
Requires Oil
400Burj Khalifa, +4, +2 (Great Engineer)
World Wonder (1 Allowed)
Water Tiles: +3
Requires a total of 10 Desert, Semidesert, or Salt Flat tiles in city radius
+1 per Corporation in the world
Requires Aerodynamics
2500 (Double Production Speed with Oil) Oil BuildRailroad BuildHighway

History

Humans have known oil since ancient times. Oil deposits found on the surface were used for centuries for waterproofing and fuel purposes. But it was not until the coming of the Industrial Revolution that civilizations began to have a dependence on petroleum products. The widespread use of oil for fuel, lubrication, and other purposes has led to a constant search for ever larger deposits. In the mid-1800s, the first oil wells were drilled in Pennsylvania, marking the beginning of a tremendously important and profitable industry. Today, with the world's oil supplies dwindling and the demand for oil constantly rising, oil is a more valuable resource than ever.

Whale

+1 0100 +1 01c4 , Supplies 3 Cities

Improvements

Whaling Boats +1 0100 , +1 0101 , +2 0102 Marine Reserve, +1, +1 0 0100 , +3 0102

Technology

Ecology
Obsoletes Whale
Can Remove Taiga
Can Create Marine Reserve
Can Construct Recycling Center, Floralis Generica, Gardens by the Bay
11000 (Obsoletes)

Used by

Harbor
Water Tiles: +1
+1 from Clam, Crab, Fish, Whale
Required to Build Wharf, Customs House, San Marco Basilica
Requires Access to Coast
Requires Shipbuilding
60 (Double Production Speed with Thalassocracy)

History

Whaling, the hunting and killing of whales for oil and other byproducts, was practiced as an organized industry as early as 875 AD. By the 16th century, it had risen to be the principle industry in the coastal regions of Spain and France. The industry spread throughout the world, and became increasingly profitable in terms of trade and resources. Some regions of the world's oceans, along the animals' migration routes, had a particularly dense whale population, and became the targets for large concentrations of whaling ships, and the industry continued to grow well into the 20th century. The depletion of some whale species to near extinction led to the banning of whaling in many countries by 1969, and to a worldwide cessation of whaling as an industry in the late 1980's.